Table-4.

Factors associated with vector-borne diseases.

Risk factors, by theme	OR (CI 95%)	Geographic region	Reference
Variables associated with climatic variability
High temperatures	1.73 (1.02–2.92)	United States Singapore	[107]
Extreme temperatures and precipitation	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	Nepal Argentina	[128]
Rain season	2.2 (1.6–3.1)
High relative humidity (>80%)	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	Colombia	[129]
Highest temperature	1.4 (1.0–2.0)	Cameroon, Africa Mexico	[130]
Lowest temperature	1.6 (1.0–2.4)
Drought	2.6 (1.5–6.45)	Nepal	[131]
Vector-related variables
Presence of the vector	1.025 (1.015–1.035)	São Paulo, Brazil Spain	[89]
Presence of ticks in hosts	1.939 (0.999–3.764)
Common areas of biting insects	10.3 (2.3–45.5)	Cameroon, Africa	[130]
Variables related to geography
High-elevation landform	1.4 (1.2–1.8)	Nepal	[128, 131]
Urban/Peri-urban location	1.515 (1.036–2.231)	São Paulo, Brazil	[89]
Presence of crops, wild and domestic animals	1.759 (1.028–3.003)
Land use (crops)	1.04 (1.008–1.068)	Cameroon, Africa	[130]

CI=Confidence interval