. 2022 Aug 19;15(8):1969–1974. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1969-1974

Table-2.

Fermentation products from in vitro rumen fermentation supplemented with probiotic.

Variables	Treatments

	T₀	T₁	T₂	T₃
pH	7.05 ± 0.05^c	6.26 ± 0.04^ab	6.40 ± 0.13^b	6.14 ± 0.04^a
NH3 (mM)	13.35 ± 1.27^a	22.08 ± 1.60^b	20.51 ± 1.38^b	22.40 ± 1.73^b
Total VFA (mM)	108.67 ± 11.2^a	160.71 ± 11.08^b	160.18 ± 9.41^b	178.37 ± 9.08^b
Acetic acid (%)	64.12 ± 1.31^b	58.77 ± 1.34^a	57.61 ± 1.03^a	55.53 ± 1.42^a
Propionic acid (%)	18.67 ± 0.90^a	21.29 ± 1.18^ab	23.32 ± 1.00^b	23.18 ± 1.17^b
Isobutyric (%)	3.79 ± 0.43^b	3.22 ± 0.14^a	3.48 ± 0.07^ab	3.25 ± 0.23^a
Butyric (%)	10.85 ± 1.53	12.96 ± 0.34	0.64 ± 1.12	12.48 ± 1.22
Isovaleric (%)	2.73 ± 0.68	2.29 ± 0.17	122.14 ± 0.18	2.74 ± 0.51
Valeric (%)	1.01 ± 0.34	1.36 ± 0.27	1.15 ± 0.18	1.43 ± 0.51
A: P	3.44 ± 0.04^b	2.77 ± 0.22^a	2.49 ± 0.12^a	2.41 ± 0.23^a

T₀=Control treatment without probiotic, T₁=Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 10 mL/day; T₂=Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 20 mL/day; T₃=Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 30 mL/day. Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p < 0.05). A: P=Acetate: propionate