Table 2.
A comparison between carboxylated cattail packed IS-SPE-UPLC-PDA and other reported methods for determination of FQs.
| Method | Analyte | Adsorbent | Preparation method | Matrix | Adsorbent amount (mg) | LOD | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPE-LC/MS/MS | CIP and GAT | TAPA-TFPB-COFs | Solvent synthesis | Water and meat | 100 | 0.03−0.09 ng/L | [1] |
| SPE-HPLC-UV | CIP | MIP | Solvothermal method | Water | 10 | 0.11 μg/L | [4] |
| DMSPE-LC-HRMS | CIP and OFL | PCX | Commercial adsorbent | Serum and urine | 20 | 0.02−0.03 μg/L | [9] |
| MSPE-HPLC-DAD | OFL, CIP, and GAT | ILs/Fe3O4@Zr-MOFs | Solvothermal method | Water | 5 | 0.02 μg/L | [19] |
| DSPE-HPLC-UV | OFL and GAT | RAM-MIPs | Solvothermal method | Milk and river water | 20 | 0.93−1.31 μg/L | [47] |
| SPE-HPLC-UV | ENO, CIP, and LOM | HXLPP-SAX | Solvothermal method | Milk | 60 | 2.80−3.90 ng/g | [48] |
| IS-SPE-UPLC-PDA | ENO, GAT, LVFX, CIP, and LOM | Carboxylated cattail | Hydrothermal method | River water | 15 | 0.08−0.25 μg/L | This work |
IS-SPE-UPLC-PDA: in-syringe solid phase extraction-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector; LOD: limit of detection; DMSPE: dispersivemicro solid phase extraction; LC-HRMS: liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry; CIP: ciprofloxacin; OFL: ofloxacin; PCX: polymer cation exchange material; MSPE: magnetic solid-phase extraction; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; DAD: diode array detection; GAT: gatifloxacin; ILs: ionic liquid; MOFs: metal organic frameworks; SPE: solid phase extraction; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; TAPA-TFPB-COFs: the COFs synthesized by tris(4-aminophenyl)amine (TAPA) and tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) as monomers; DSPE: dispersive solid phase extraction; UV: ultraviolet; RAM-MIPs: restricted access media-molecularly imprinted nanomaterials; ENO: enoxacin sesquihydrate; LOM: lomefloxacin; HXLPP-SAX: hypercrosslinked strong anion-exchange polymer resins; LVFX: levofloxacin.