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. 2022 Oct 25;17(1):77. doi: 10.5334/gh.1162

Table 2.

Angiographic and procedural characteristics.

CHARACTERISTICS ALL (n = 663) MACCE GROUP (n = 43) MACCE-FREE GROUP (n = 620) p-VALUE
Angiographic characteristics
Thrombus (n) – n (%) 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.3%) 0.713
Ostial lesion (n) – n (%) 113 (18.3%) 10 (25.6%) 103 (17.9%) 0.224
Chronic total occlusion (n) – n (%) 46 (7.5%) 2 (5.1%) 44 (7.6%) 0.759
Bifurcation (n) – n (%) 194 (31.5%) 11 (28.2%) 183 (31.7%) 0.648
Visible severe calcified coronary artery – n (%) 579 (94.0%) 37 (94.9%) 542 (93.9%) 0.811
Procedural characteristics
Femoral access (n) – n (%) 445 (72.2%) 30 (76.9%) 415 (71.9%) 0.582

  • Target vessel – n (%)

 0.330

  • LM to LAD or LM to LCX

 64 (9.7%) 3 (7.0%) 61 (9.8%)

  • LAD

 372 (56.1%) 19 (44.2%) 353 (56.9%)

  • LCX

 59 (8.9%) 6 (14.0%) 53 (8.5%)

  • RCA

 167 (25.2%) 15 (34.9%) 152 (24.5%)

  • Other

 1 (0.2%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Target lesion B2 or C – n (%) 652 (98.3%) 43 (100%) 609 (98.2%) 0.378
Balloon dilate before RA – n (%) 126 (19.0%) 8 (18.6%) 118 (19.0%) 0.945
Post dilate after RA – n (%) 569 (85.8%) 38 (88.4%) 531 (85.6%) 0.620
Maximum diameter of postdilatation balloon (mm.) – mean ± SD 3.16 ± 0.56 3.18 ± 0.50 3.16 ± 0.56 0.803
Maximum pressure of postdilatation balloon (ATM.) – mean ± SD 20.22 ± 5.10 21.26 ± 6.00 20.14 ± 5.68 0.243
Maximum Burr size (mm.) – mean ± SD 1.55 ± 0.19 1.52 ± 0.19 1.55 ± 0.18 0.372
Use of laser – n (%) 2 (0.3%) 1 (2.3%) 1 (0.2%) 0.126
Successful RA – n (%) 659 (99.4%) 43 (100%) 616 (99.4%) 0.597
Number of burr(s) (n) 0.959

  • 1 – n (%)

 542 (81.8%) 36 (83.7%) 506 (81.7%)

  • 2 – n (%)

 119 (17.9%) 7 (16.3%) 112 (18.1%)
Maximum rotational speed x 10000 RPM – mean ± SD 184.88 ± 18.28 189.30 ± 11.36 184.57 ± 18.63 0.101
Intravenous pacemaker backup – n (%) 50 (7.5%) 5 (11.6%) 45 (7.3%) 0.362
Intra-aortic balloon pump – n (%) 26 (3.9%) 5 (11.6%) 21 (3.4%) 0.021
Stent deployment – n (%) 632 (95.3%) 41 (95.3%) 591 (95.3%) 0.994
POBA only – n (%) 23 (3.5%) 0 (0.0%) 23 (3.7%) 0.390
Drug-eluting stent – n (%) 606 (91.4%) 41 (95.3%) 565 (91.2%) 0.582
Diameter of the largest stent (mm.) – mean ± SD 3.18 ± 0.50 3.25 ± 0.52 3.17 ± 0.50 0.342
Number of stent(s) – n (%) 0.424

  • 0

 30 (4.5%) 2 (4.7%) 28 (4.5%)

  • 1

 269 (40.6%) 16 (37.2%) 253 (40.8%)

  • 2

 249 (37.6%) 13 (30.2%) 236 (38.1%)

  • 3

 90 (13.6%) 9 (20.9%) 81 (13.1%)

  • 4

 25 (3.8%) 3 (7.0%) 212 (3.5%)
Maximum stent length (mm.) – mean ± SD 26.68 ± 7.71 25.54 ± 6.62 26.73 ± 7.77 0.327
Total stent length in target vessel – mean ± SD 41.51 ± 19.18 43.24 ± 21.24 41.39 ± 19.05 0.550
Maximum burr size – n (%) 0.882

  • 1.25

 110 (17.9%) 23 (20.0%) 87 (17.4%)

  • 1.50

 297 (48.4%) 56 (48.7%) 241 (48.3%)

  • 1.75

 196 (31.9%) 35 (30.4%) 161 (32.3%)

  • 2.00

 10 (1.6%) 1 (0.9%) 9 (1.8%)

  • 2.25

 1 (0.2%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.2%)
Intravascular imaging – n (%) 455 (73.9%) 20 (51.3%) 435 (75.4%) 0.001
Procedural success – n (%) 481 (78.1%) 20 (51.3%) 461 (79.9%) <0.001
Angiographic success – n (%) 584 (94.8%) 33 (92.3%) 548 (95.0%) 0.447
Total procedural time (min) – mean ± SD 91.43 ± 45.49 110.36 ± 55.10 90.15 ± 44.53 0.007
Total fluoroscopic time (min) – mean ± SD 35.16 ± 17.63 40.86 ± 16.31 34.78 ± 17.67 0.037
Total contrast volume (ml) – mean ± SD 177.24 ± 74.65 175.36 ± 77.68 177.37 ± 74.50 0.871

** Bold indicated statistically significant.

ATM – atmospheric pressure; LAD – left anterior descending coronary artery; LCX – left circumflex coronary artery; LM – left main coronary artery; POBA – plain balloon angioplasty; RA – rotational atherectomy; RCA – right coronary artery; RPM – revolutions per minute.