Figure 2.

Canagliflozin inhibits mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis in diabetic mice. (A) Morphological and structural observation of mitochondria in myocardial tissues (Scale bar: 1 µm). Contents of (B) ATP; (C) total iron; (D) Fe²⁺ and (E) GSH in myocardial tissues. (F) Transcriptional level and (G) protein level of iron metabolism and ferroptosis related genes examined by qPCR and western blotting assay. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; GSH, glutathione; TfR1: transferrin receptor 1; FPN, ferroportin; FTN-H, ferritin heavy-chain; xCT, cystine-glutamate antiporter; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (**: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; compared with CON group; #: P<0.05; ##: P<0.01; compared with DCM group; n.s.: no significance.)