Table 1. Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Influenza Vaccination and Annual Percentage Change by Selected Characteristics, US Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, January 2011–December 2020a .
| Characteristic | Age-adjusted prevalence, % |
Average annual percentage change (95% CI) |
Annual percentage change (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 2020 | 2011–2020 | Trend segment 1, 2011–2015 | Trend segment 2, 2015–2018 | Trend segment 3, 2018–2020 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| Any cardiovascular diseasea | 38.6 | 44.3 | 1.1 (1.1 to 2.6)b | 1.0 (−0.1 to 2.1) | −4.5 (−8.0 to −0.9)b | 14.1 (10.0 to 18.4)b |
| Angina/coronary heart disease only | 39.1 | 46.9 | 2.5 (1.0 to 5.0)b | 0.6 (−3.5 to 4.9) | −1.4 (−15.2 to 14.7) | 10.6 (4.5 to 25.7)b |
| Stroke only | 38.6 | 42.9 | 1.8 (−3.0 to 6.8) | 1.3 (−6.2 to 9.3) | −3.9 (−25.2 to 23.6) | 11.9 (−12.4 to 42.8) |
| Myocardial infarction only | 32.8 | 40.1 | 2.3 (−6.4 to 11.7) | 2.3 (−11.0 to 17.6) | −6.4 (−39.9 to 46.0) | 16.7 (−28.8 to 91.1) |
| ≥2 Cardiovascular diseases | 43.5 | 46.6 | 1.4 (−4.0 to 7.0) | −0.1 (−7.6 to 8.0) | −6.9 (−30.1 to 24.0) | 18.5 (−9.7 to 55.5) |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 18–44 | 27.5 | 33.3 | 2.7 (−1.6 to 7.3) | 2.2 (−4.6 to 9.5) | −5.6 (−24.6 to 18.1) | 17.9 (−5.2 to 46.8) |
| 45–64 | 42.7 | 48.1 | 1.4 (−2.8 to 5.7) | 0.4 (−5.5 to 6.6) | −4.3 (−22.7 to 18.6) | 12.6 (16.5 to 41.5)b |
| ≥65 | 61.4 | 67.5 | 1.2 (−1.5 to 4.0) | 0.2 (−3.6 to 4.1) | −2.5 (−15.3 to 12.2) | 9.6 (−5.3 to 26.7) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 36.4 | 41.8 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3)b | 1.3 (0.2 to 2.3)b | −5.1 (−8.3 to −1.9)b | 13.6 (10.0 to 17.3)b |
| Female | 41.1 | 47.2 | 2.0 (0.1 to 3.9)b | 0.6 (−2.2 to 3.4) | −3.8 (−12.6 to 5.9) | 14.3 (3.8 to 25.9)b |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 41.4 | 40.3 | 0.8 (−1.2 to 2.1) | −3.3 (−6.3 to 0.3) | −10.4 (−27.8 to 6.2) | 20.9 (−17.6 to 58.1) |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 34.6 | 50.4 | 4.2 (−0.2 to 5.6) | 0.9 (−0.5 to 2.3) | −10.2 (−24.1 to 3.6) | 1.4 (−31.2 to 49.5) |
| Black/African American, non-Hispanic | 36.2 | 43.3 | 3.2 (−5.3 to 12.4) | 3.4 (−9.3 to 16.1) | −5.4 (−15.1 to 4.2) | 17.0 (−29.6 to 94.6) |
| Hispanic | 33.9 | 36.8 | 1.0 (−1.0 to 3.1) | 1.2 (−2.1 to 4.6) | −2.5 (−12.0 to 8.0) | 6.4 (−4.9 to 19.0) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 39.7 | 46.1 | 2.4 (−4.9 to 10.1) | −6.6 (−16.5 to 4.5) | −9.2 (−27.0 to 8.6) | 11.5 (−20.0 to 55.4) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 39.7 | 46.3 | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.6)b | 1.1 (−0.1 to 2.2) | −6.1 (−9.6 to −2.5)b | 17.1 (13.1 to 21.2)b |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 36.7 | 40.4 | 0.9 (−1.3 to 2.1) | 6.8 (−6.7 to 20.1) | −6.0 (−17.1 to 5.0) | 3.3 (−24.4 to 41.1) |
| Education | ||||||
| Some high school or less | 32.5 | 36.2 | 0.9 (−1.3 to 3.1) | 1.9 (−1.5 to 5.5) | −6.1 (−16.2 to 5.3) | 9.9 (−2.0 to 23.2) |
| High school graduate | 37.5 | 41.0 | 1.1 (−1.9 to 4.1) | −0.9 (−5.3 to 3.6) | −3.0 (−17.0 to 13.3) | 11.9 (−4.3 to 30.8) |
| Some college or technical school | 40.4 | 44.2 | 1.6 (−0.2 to 3.5) | 0.8 (−1.9 to 3.5) | −4.0 (−12.8 to 5.7) | 12.6 (3.1 to 23.0)b |
| College graduate | 46.2 | 59.1 | 2.9 (1.0 to 4.9)b | 2.3 (−0.9 to 5.6) | −5.4 (−14.1 to 4.3) | 18.1 (6.2 to 31.3)b |
| Annual household income, $ | ||||||
| <50,000 | 36.7 | 41.8 | 1.7 (−1.1 to 4.6) | 0.6 (−3.6 to 5.0) | −4.8 (−17.6 to 10.0) | 14.7 (−0.8 to 32.6) |
| ≥50,000 | 44.5 | 49.7 | 1.9 (−3.5 to 7.5) | 2.4 (−5.6 to 11.2) | −6.7 (−30.1 to 24.6) | 14.8 (−12.3 to 50.4) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 39.9 | 50.0 | 2.5 (1.8 to 3.3)b | 1.5 (0.4 to 2.5)b | −6.2 (−9.8 to −2.6)b | 19.6 (15.3 to 24.2)b |
| Unmarried | 37.8 | 40.1 | 1.3 (−3.6 to 6.4) | −1.5 (−15.8 to 15.3) | −0.6 (−14.5 to 15.6) | 9.5 (−19.1 to 48.2) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 36.6 | 38.3 | 1.1 (−0.9 to 3.1) | 2.9 (−0.2 to 6.1) | −6.1 (−15.3 to 4.0) | 9.1 (−1.5 to 20.9) |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| No | 22.7 | 24.5 | 1.6 (−5.4 to 9.1) | 0.7 (−10.0 to 12.6) | −4.2 (−33.6 to 38.1) | 12.8 (−23.0 to 65.2) |
| Yes | 43.0 | 48.2 | 1.5 (−0.7 to 3.8) | 0.1 (−3.3 to 3.4) | −4.7 (−15.1 to 7.1) | 15.2 (2.9 to 28.9)b |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No | 36.6 | 42.0 | 1.9 (0.8 to 3.0)b | 0.9 (−0.7 to 2.6) | −4.4 (−9.5 to 1.0) | 14.2 (8.2 to 20.6)b |
| Yes | 46.2 | 52.1 | 1.7 (−0.4 to 4.0) | 1.8 (−1.7 to 5.3) | −6.4 (−16.6 to 5.0) | 15.2 (3.5 to 28.3)b |
| Obesity (body mass index >30.0) | ||||||
| No | 38.0 | 42.3 | 1.8 (−1.1 to 4.8) | 0.5 (−3.7 to 4.9) | −3.7 (−17.1 to 11.9) | 13.6 (−2.1 to 31.8) |
| Yes | 40.2 | 46.6 | 1.8 (−2.9 to 6.8) | 1.4 (−5.9 to 9.2) | −5.0 (−25.6 to 21.3) | 13.9 (−11.6 to 46.7) |
| Cigarette use | ||||||
| Never | 41.1 | 45.9 | 1.9 (0.1 to 3.8)b | 0.3 (−2.7 to 3.5) | −3.6 (−12.7 to 6.4) | 14.1 (4.1 to 25.1)b |
| Former | 41.5 | 48.7 | 1.9 (0.6 to 3.2)b | 1.2 (−0.8 to 3.2) | −5.2 (−10.9 to 0.8) | 15.1 (7.5 to 23.2)b |
| Current | 32.1 | 35.9 | 1.4 (−5.2 to 8.4) | 1.7 (−7.2 to 11.5) | −6.2 (−34.2 to 33.6) | 13.2 (−20.3 to 60.8) |
| Has a personal health care provider | ||||||
| No | 23.5 | 26.1 | 1.8 (−2.4 to 6.2) | 0.3 (−6.3 to 7.5) | −6.6 (−25.0 to 16.5) | 19.2 (−3.4 to 47.0) |
| Yes | 42.1 | 47.9 | 1.8 (0.1 to 3.4)b | 1.0 (−1.5 to 3.5) | −4.2 (−12.0 to 4.3) | 13.2 (4.1 to 23.1)b |
| Time since most recent visit to personal health care provider for routine checkup | ||||||
| Within last year | 42.7 | 48.8 | 1.7 (0.2 to 3.2)b | 1.1 (−1.1 to 3.4) | −5.0 (−12.1 to 2.7) | 14.1 (6.0 to 22.7)b |
| 1–2 Years since last visit | 30.7 | 29.4 | −0.1 (−10.2 to 11.1) | 1.9 (−13.7 to 20.3) | −8.6 (−4.9 to 17.2) | 9.5 (−7.0 to 27.1) |
| >2 Years since last visit | 25.8 | 20.1 | −2.3 (−6.5 to 2.2) | 0.4 (−5.8 to 7.0) | −11.9 (−28.3 to 8.3) | 8.2 (−19.0 to 34.5) |
a
Defined as a history of stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, or angina. Unweighted total number of cases of cardiovascular disease is 476,227.
b
Significant at P < .05; determined by permutation test for joinpoint regression.