Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients with and without OH.
| Clinical Characteristics | Total sample n = 503 | Without OH n = 457 | With OH n = 46 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex (male,%) | 284 (56.5) | 257 (56.2) | 27 (58.7) | 0.87 |
| Age, mean ± SD | 65.6 ± 8.8 | 65.3 ± 8.6 | 68.9 ± 7.6 | 0.01 |
| Cognition | ||||
| MMSE | 28 | 29 | 28 | 0.11 |
| (IQR) | (27–29) | (27–29) | (26–29) | |
| Cognitive index | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.20 | 0.04 |
| (IQR) | (−0.6–0.5) | (−0.2–0.6) | (−0.8–0.2) | |
| Executive function, mean ± SD | −0.01 ± 0.8 | 0.01 ± 0.8 | −0.18 ± 0.7 | 0.11 |
| Psychomotor speed, mean ± SD | −0.002 ± 0.9 | 0.02 ± 0.9 | −0.23 ± 0.9 | 0.04 |
| OH-inducing drugs | ||||
| Anti-depressants, n (%) | 62 (12.3) | 55 (12.0) | 7 (15.2) | 0,70 |
| Alpha-blockers, n (%) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 181 (36.0) | 158 (34.6) | 23 (50.0) | 0.06 |
| Calcium-blockers, n (%) | 51 (10.1) | 43 (9.4) | 8 (17.4) | 0.15 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 124 (24.7) | 111 (24.3) | 13 (28.3) | 0.68 |
| Angiotensin-system blocker, n (%) | 160 (31.8) | 140 (30.6) | 20 (43.5) | 0.11 |
| Any OH-inducing drugs, n (%) | 303 (60.2) | 269 (58.9) | 34 (73.9) | 0.07 |
| Risk factors SVD | ||||
| Ever smoking, n (%) | 353 (70.2) | 317 (69.4) | 36 (78.3) | 0.28 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 369 (73.4) | 328 (71.8) | 41 (89.1) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 66 (13.1) | 58 (12.7) | 8 (17.4) | 0.50 |
| Hypercholesterolemia,n (%) | 237 (47.1) | 205 (44.9) | 32 (69.6) | 0.002 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.2 ± 4.1 | 27.2 ± 4.1 | 27.0 ± 4.2 | 0.53 |
| MRI Characteristics | ||||
| WMH (ml; IQR) | 8.6 | 3.3 | 8.9 | <0.001 |
| (1.2–11.5) | (1.2–10.5) | (3.3–17.6) | ||
| DWMH (ml; IQR) | 2.9 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.002 |
| (0.3–2.9) | (0.3–2.6) | (0.6–6.8) | ||
| PWMH (ml; IQR) | 5.7 | 2.27 | 6.02 | <0.001 |
| (0.8–8.0) | (0.8–7.1) | (2.6–13.0) | ||
| GMV (ml; ± SD) | 606.2 ± 52.6 | 607.5 ± 52.7 | 594.0 ± 50.2 | 0.09 |
| WMV (ml; ± SD) | 454.7 ± 46.0 | 456.2 ± 46.7 | 439.4 ± 34.6 | 0.07 |
| MD white matter | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.66 |
| (10−3 mm2/s; IQR)# | (0.9–0.9) | (0.9–0.9) | (0.9–1.0) | |
| Presence of microbleeds, n (%) | 83 (13.6) | 68 (15.0) | 15 (32.6) | 0.002 |
| Presence of lacunes, n (%) | 132 (26.2) | 111 (24.3) | 21 (45.7) | 0.002 |
Data represent numbers (%), medians (IQR), or means ± SD. MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, OH: Orthostatic Hypotension, BMI: Body Mass Index, WMH: White Matter Hyperintensities, DWMH: Deep White Matter Hyperintensities, PWMH: Periventricular White Matter Hyperintensities, GMV: gray Matter Volume, WMV: White Matter Volume, MD: Mean Diffusivity, SD: Standard Deviation.