Table 4.

A modified Poisson regression analysis showing determinants of prehospital sudden clinical deterioration among the cohort of COVID-19 patients trasnsported by EMS, May to August 2021, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Variables	Prehospital sudden deterioration		CRR (95%) CI	ARR (95%) CI
	Yes	No
The profession of EMS provider
Nurses	33	164	1
General practitioner	31	363	0.95 (0.92–0.98)	0.98 (0.96–1.01)
Response time in minutes
≤30	9	146	1
>30	55	381	1.04 (1.01–1.06)	1.02 (0.99–1.04)
Total prehospital time in minutes
<60	10	139	1	1
≥60	54	338	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	1.03 (1.00–1.06)*
Queuing delays
Yes	24	58	1.13 (1.06–1.19)	1.20 (1.04–1.16)**
No	40	469	1	1
Delays in locating the patient address
Yes	11	37	1.07 (1.00–1.15)	1.01 (0.95–1.07)
No	53	490	1	1
The initial prehospital RR
≤30 breath/minutes	52	483	1	1
>30 breath/minutes	12	43	1.07 (1.00–1.14)	1.07 (1.01–1.13)*
Having ≥1 comorbid chronic illness
Yes	43	191	1.07 (1.04–1.10)	1.01 (0.96–1.04)
No	21	336	1	1
Known diabetic
Yes	32	108	1.09 (1.05–1.13)	1.06 (1.01–1.11)*
No	32	419	1	1
Known hypertensive
Yes	30	126	1.06 (1.03–1.10)	1.02 (0.98–1.07)
No	34	401	1	1
Chronic heart disease
Yes	10	25	1.11 (1.02–1.21)	1.03 (0.95–1.12)
No	54	502	1	1
Asthmatic or COPD
Yes	16	34	1.14 (1.05–1.23)	1.07 (0.98–1.15)
No	48	493	1	1
Omission of care due to lack of medication
Yes	16	64	1.06 (1.01–1.11)	1.04 (0.99–1.09)
No	48	483	1	1
Omission of care due to lack of equipment
Yes	27	125	1.05 (1.01–1.09)	1.01 (0.98–1.05)
No	37	402	1	1

*P < 0.05, **P <0.01, 1 reference, CRR crude relative risk, ARR adjusted relative risk, CI confidence interval