Table 1.
Overall population characteristics stratified according to etoposide status
| Overall (n = 168) | No etoposide (n = 33) | Etoposide (n = 135) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 49 [38, 59] | 49 [36, 59] | 49 [38, 60] | 0.811 |
| Female gender | 57 (34) | 14 (42) | 43(32) | 0.345 |
| Etiology of HS | < 0.001 | |||
| Malignancy | 123 (73.2) | 15 (45.5) | 108 (80.0) | |
| Infection | 25 (14.9) | 13 (39.4) | 12 (8.9) | |
| Auto-immune | 6 (3.6) | 1 (3.0) | 5 (3.7) | |
| Other | 3 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.2) | |
| Unknown | 11 (6.5) | 4 (12.1) | 7 (5.2) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| HIV | 56 (33.3) | 6 (18.2) | 50 (37.0) | 0.064 |
| Hypertension | 28 (16.7) | 11 (33.3) | 17 (12.6) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes | 14 (8.3) | 2 (6.1) | 12 (8.9) | 0.861 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (5.4) | 4 (12.1) | 5 (3.7) | 0.135 |
| Immunocompromised | 100 (59.5) | 17 (51.5) | 83 (61.5) | 0.397 |
| Features of HLH | ||||
| HLH-2004 criteria | 5 [4, 6] | 4 [4, 5] | 5 [5, 6] | 0.016 |
| HScore | 247 [217, 273] | 225 [195, 269] | 249 [225, 278] | 0.029 |
| Hepatomegaly | 120 (71.4) | 18 (54.5) | 102 (75.6) | 0.029 |
| Splenomegaly | 103 (62.4) | 14 (43.8) | 89 (66.9) | 0.026 |
| Bicytopenia | 132 (78.6) | 21 (63.6) | 111 (82.2) | 0.036 |
| Ferritin (µg/L) | 10015 [4982, 32471] | 6880 [3705, 18316] | 10644 [5297, 40449] | 0.025 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.1 [1.6, 4.9] | 3.4 [2.3, 5.1] | 2.7 [1.5, 4.8] | 0.199 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 3.2 [2.3, 4.3] | 3.3 [2.3, 4.3] | 3.1 [2.4, 4.3] | 0.6 |
| SOFA score | 8 [6, 12] | 6 [4, 9] | 8 [6, 13] | 0.008 |
| ICU management | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 91 (54.2) | 12 (36.4) | 79 (58.5) | 0.036 |
| RRT | 59 (35.1) | 9 (27.3) | 50 (37.0) | 0.395 |
| Steroids | 118 (70.2) | 17 (51.5) | 101 (74.8) | 0.016 |
| Time to etoposide (days) | 0 [0, 1] | – | – | – |
| Outcomes | ||||
| HAI | 43 (25.6) | 2 (6.1) | 41 (30.4) | |
| In-hospital mortality | 78 (46.4) | 15 (45.5) | 63 (46.7) | |
| Day 90 mortality | 83 (49.4) | 15 (45.5) | 68 (50.4) | 0.755 |
Values are given in N (%) for categorical variables or median [IQR] for continuous variables. Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, and Kruskal–Wallis test for quantitative variables
SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, RRT Renal Replacement Therapy, ICU intensive care unit, HLH hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HAI healthcare acquired infection