Table 2.

Concepts adopted in the existing studies.

Reference	Scope	Process	Model
			I/O Model (external environment)	Resource-based model (internal environment)
Bilgen [1]	Global	Environmental scanning	Economic Political/legal	Resource
British Petroleum [10]	Global	Environmental scanning	–	Resource
Energy Information Administration [26]	Global and regional	Environmental scanning	–	Resource
European Commission [9]	Global and regional	Environmental scanning	–	Resource
Jonsson et al. [52]	Regional	Environmental scanning	Political/legal Sociocultural Economic Technological Environmental	Resource
Krog and Sperling [25]	National	Environmental scanning Strategy formulation	Political/legal	Resource
Terrados et al. [54]	Regional	Environmental scanning Strategy formulation	Technological Environment Sociocultural Economic	Resource
Ervural et al. [55]	National	Environmental scanning Strategy formulation	Economic Sociocultural Technological Political/legal Demographic	Resource
Tagliapietra [53]	Regional	Environmental scanning	Economic Political/legal	Resource
Tofigh and Abedian [56]	National	Environmental scanning	Sociocultural Technological Economic Environmental Political/legal	Resource
Alizadeh et al. [14]	National	Environmental scanning	Technological Political/legal Sociocultural Economic	Resource
Chen and Wu [56]	Global Regional National	Environmental scanning	Economic	Resource
Wu and Chen [57]	Regional	Environmental scanning	Political/legal Economic	Resource
Abbaszadeh et al. [58]	National	Environmental scanning	Political/legal Economic Sociocultural	Resource
Mollahosseini et al. [59]	National	Environmental scanning	Environment	Resource
Achinas et al. [51]	Regional	Environmental scanning	Sociocultural Technological Economic Environmental Political/legal