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. 2022 Mar 15;13(5):764–782. doi: 10.1007/s13239-022-00610-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Top left: pressure and flow rate evolution for left ventricular variables. Top right: p-V loop of both ventricles. The work done per heart-beat is equal to the area inside the p-V loops. A total power output of 1.3 W¹⁸ is in good agreement with measurements. Below a sequence of slices through the left and right ventricles for the first 420 ms of a heartbeat is shown. Color indicates how the calcium concentration spreads through the domain.