Figure 4.

Biomanufacturing of human tissues using organ building blocks: (a) direct pick and placement of individual spheroids or organoids, (b) embedded pick and placement of individual spheroids or organoids within a support matrix, (c) direct printing of spheroid- or organoid-based inks, and (d) embedded printing of sacrificial inks within a tissue matrix composed of densely packed spheroids or organoids (left) or embedded printing of spheroid- or organoid-based inks in either support (not shown) or tissue (right) matrices [Images (from left to right) adapted with permission from Ayan et al. (2020a), Daly et al. (2021), Goulart et al. (2020), Skylar-Scott et al. (2019b)].