Table 5.
Results of a modified cross-lagged autoregressive modelling between depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms while controlling the direct and indirect effects of confounding variables among postpartum women in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
| Variable’s pathway | Type of mental health disorder at each follow up time | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 Depression | T2 Depression | T3 Depression | |||||||
| Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | |
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Direct morbidity Yes | 3.11(2.09, 4.13) a | No path | 0.22(0.04) a | 0.83(0.57, 1.08) a | 2.72(1.82, 3.62) a | 3.55(2.61, 4.48) a | No path | 2.87(2.10, 3.63) a | 2.87(2.10, 3.63) a |
|
Fear of childbirth Yes |
0.06(0.04, 0.07) a | No path | 0.22(0.03) a | No path | 0.05(0.04, 0.07) a | 0.05(0.04, 0.07) a | No path | 0.04(0.03, 0.05) a | 0.04(0.03, 0.05) a |
| Gravidity | 1.54(0.66, 2.41) a | No path | 0.26(0.07) a | No path | 1.31(0.55, 2.08) a | 1.31(0.55, 2.08) a | No path | 1.04(0.42, 1.67) a | 1.04(0.42, 1.67) a |
| Parity | -1.68(-2.56, -0.79) a | No path | -0.27(0.07) a | No path | -1.415(-2.19, -0.64) a | -1.415(-2.19, -0.64) a | No path | -1.11(-1.74, -0.48) a | -1.11(-1.74, -0.48) a |
| Social support | -0.55(-0.79, -0.31) a | No path | -0.16(0.04) a | No path | -0.52(-0.73, -0.31) a | -0.52(-0.73, -0.31) a | No path | -0.44(-0.62, -0.27) a | -0.44(-0.62, -0.27) a |
|
Traumatic birth Yes |
3.46(2.57, 4.36) a | No path | 0.25(0.03) a | No path | 3.02(2.24, 3.80) a | 3.02(2.24, 3.80) a | No path | .43(1.79, 3.07) a | 2.43(1.79, 3.07) a |
| Indirect morbidity Yes | No path | 0.15(0.39) a | 0.15(0.39) a | No path | 2.59(1.88, 3.30) a | 2.59(1.88, 3.30) a | No path | 2.09(1.52, 2.67) a | 2.09(1.52, 2.67) a |
| T1 depression | 0.72(0.68, 0.76) a | No path | 0.72(0.68, 0.76) a | No path | 0.49(0.44, 0.54) a | 0.49(0.44, 0.54) a | |||
| T1 anxiety | 0.17(0.13, 0.22) a | No path | 0.17(0.13, 0.22) a | No path | 0.24(0.19, 0.29) a | 0.24(0.19, 0.29) a | |||
a p-value ≤ 0.001, b p-value < 0.01, β is unstandardized estimate