Table 2.
Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis for predictors of blood pressure variability
| SBP | DBP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standardized coefficients β | t | P value | Standardized coefficients β | t | P value | |
| All subjects (n = 15,721) | ||||||
| Constant | 20.63 | < 0.001 | 15.42 | < 0.001 | ||
| Age | 0.341 | 40.04 | < 0.001 | 0.089 | 11.13 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 0.148 | 17.96 | < 0.001 | 0.148 | 17.25 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status (married) | -0.089 | − 11.55 | < 0.001 | Not entered | ||
| Education level (college graduate or more) | -0.078 | − 10.33 | < 0.001 | Not entered | ||
| Household income quartiles | -0.033 | − 4.46 | < 0.001 | 0.023 | 3.10 | 0.002 |
| Smoking status (current smoker) | -0.040 | − 5.14 | < 0.001 | − 0.030 | − 3.67 | < 0.001 |
| Frequency of heavy episodic drinking | 0.063 | 7.96 | < 0.001 | 0.106 | 12.75 | < 0.001 |
| Family history of hypertension (yes) | 0.054 | 7.76 | < 0.001 | 0.094 | 13.02 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 0.193 | 25.02 | < 0.001 | 0.198 | 23.85 | < 0.001 |
| FPG | 0.036 | 4.52 | < 0.001 | Not entered | ||
| Triglycerides | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| HDL-cholesterol | 0.099 | 11.69 | < 0.001 | 0.107 | 12.23 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol | Not entered | 0.048 | 6.29 | < 0.001 | ||
| AST | 0.028 | 3.94 | < 0.001 | Not entered | ||
| ALT | Not entered | 0.045 | 5.57 | |||
| TyG index | 0.152 | 16.2 | < 0.001 | 0.220 | 24.17 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.2643 (F = 429.47, P < 0.001) | 0.2080 (F = 371.14, P < 0.001) | ||||
| Subjects in 2019 KNHANES (n = 3945)a | ||||||
| Constant | 11.23 | < 0.001 | 9.26 | < 0.001 | ||
| Age | 0.376 | 22.19 | < 0.001 | 0.103 | 6.35 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 0.129 | 8.15 | < 0.001 | 0.124 | 7.46 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status (married) | -0.079 | − 5.15 | < 0.001 | Not entered | ||
| Education level (college graduate or more) | -0.086 | − 5.83 | < 0.001 | Not entered | ||
| Household income quartiles | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| Smoking status (current smoker) | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| Frequency of heavy episodic drinking | 0.054 | 3.39 | < 0.001 | 0.094 | 5.66 | < 0.001 |
| Family history of hypertension (yes) | 0.059 | 4.15 | < 0.001 | 0.093 | 6.29 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 0.196 | 12.66 | < 0.001 | 0.194 | 11.53 | < 0.001 |
| FPG | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| Fasting insulin | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| Insulin resistance status (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5) | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| Triglycerides | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| HDL-cholesterol | 0.105 | 6.10 | < 0.001 | 0.116 | 6.44 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol | Not entered | 0.039 | 2.54 | 0.011 | ||
| AST (IU/L) | Not entered | Not entered | ||||
| ALT (IU/L) | Not entered | 0.037 | 2.32 | 0.020 | ||
| TyG index | 0.132 | 7.50 | < 0.001 | 0.201 | 10.74 | |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.2440 (F = 139.98, P < 0.001) | 0.1745 (F = 92.01, P < 0.001) | ||||
The selection of model variables used a “stepwise” option with variable selection criteria: “slentry” = 0.05, “slstay” = 0.1
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, TyG triglyceride and glucose, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
a Only 3,945 subjects with available data on fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were analyzed