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. 2022 Oct 29;21:308. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04325-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Forest plot demonstrating pooled MD of IL-1β levels (pg/mL) between patients with severe and uncomplicated malaria stratified by methods for IL-1β measurement. Horizontal line (whiskers) encircling the square on both sides, CI; the squares’ centres and the values of the study’s effect sizes; Green diamond, the overall effect size; the values of the overall effect size are indicated by the red vertical dashed line; vertical gray line with no effect on the overall composition (0); I², H², τb², heterogeneity measures; under the crimson diamond: I², H², τb², heterogeneity measures of subgroup; test of θi, the homogeneity test based on the Q statistic; under the green diamond: the test of θi also known as the homogeneity test, is based on the Q statistic; The test of θ, the overall magnitude of the effect. CI confidence interval, Mean Diff. mean difference, SD standard deviation