Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups
| Air leakage (n = 41) | No air leakage (n = 507) | Total (n = 548) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Categorical variablesa | ||||
| Age | 1 | |||
| ≤ 1y | 22 (0.54) | 278 (0.55) | 300 (0.55) | |
| 1–6 y | 12 (0.29) | 129 (0.25) | 141 (0.26) | |
| 7–14 y | 7 (0.17) | 100 (0.2) | 107 (0.2) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 27 (0.66) | 308 (0.61) | 335 (0.61) | 0.62 |
| Female | 14 (0.34) | 198 (0.39) | 212 (0.39) | |
| ARDS | 22 (0.54) | 40 (0.08) | 62 (0.11) | < 0.001 |
| Asthma | 2 (0.05) | 17 (0.03) | 19 (0.03) | 0.65 |
| Measles | 5 (0.12) | 8 (0.02) | 13 (0.02) | 0.002 |
| CHD | 7 (0.17) | 97 (0.19) | 104 (0.19) | 0.84 |
| Postoperative | 5 (0.12) | 41 (0.08) | 46 (0.08) | 0.37 |
| Central respiratory failure | 2 (0.05) | 199 (0.39) | 201 (0.37) | < 0.001 |
| HFOV | 14 (0.34) | 13 (0.03) | 27 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 33 (0.8) | 370 (0.73) | 403 (0.73) | 0.36 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Recovery | 20 (0.49) | 278 (0.55) | 298 (0.54) | 0.42 |
| Death in the ICU | 9 (0.22) | 55 (0.11) | 64 (0.12) | |
| Discharge | 12 (0.29) | 175 (0.34) | 187 (0.34) | |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | 21 (0.51) | |||
| Pneumothorax | 34 (0.83) | |||
| Pneumomediastinum | 16 (0.39) | |||
| Continuous variablesb | ||||
| Hospital stay (days) | 18 (20) | 13 (16) | 14 (17) | < 0.001 |
| PCIS | 98 (8) | 96 (10) | 96 (10) | 0.007 |
| PIP | 32 (12) | 22 (6) | 24 (8) | < 0.001 |
| PEEP | 8 (6) | 3 (4) | 3.5 (4) | < 0.001 |
| RR | 30 (10) | 25 (8) | 30 (5) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2 | 89 (81) | 123 (59.5) | 122.5 (62.2) | 0.007 |
| FiO2 | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 190 (182.8) | 338.1 (230) | 330 (232.6) | < 0.001 |
| IMV duration (hours) | 240 (288) | 120 (144) | 144 (168) | < 0.001 |
| Leak since ventilation (hours) | 120 (120) |
ARDS acute respiratory dyspnea syndrome; CHD congenital heart disease; HFOV high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; NMBA neuromuscular blocking agent; PCIS pediatric critical illness score; PIP peak inspiratory pressure; PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, RR respiratory rate, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; FiO2 fraction of inspiration oxygen
P values of the Mann‒Whitney U test are shown
aCounts and proportions are shown for categorical variables. P values of Fisher’s exact test are shown
bThe median and interquartile range are shown for continuous variables