Table 1.
Pro-inflammatory diet and risk of fecal incontinence in older women (NHS1)
| Quintiles of EDIP score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P-trend | |
| Overall | ||||||
| Person-years | 38064 | 37996 | 38095 | 38134 | 38270 | |
| Cases, n | 1215 | 1327 | 1379 | 1461 | 1514 | |
| Model 1 | ref | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 1.14 (1.06, 1.23) | 1.22 (1.13, 1.31) | 1.30 (1.20, 1.40) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | ref | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) | 1.14 (1.05, 1.23) | 1.17 (1.08, 1.26) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | ref | 1.06 (0.98, 1.15) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) | 1.17 (1.08, 1.27) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| Solid stool | ||||||
| Person-years | 38641 | 38586 | 38716 | 38797 | 38985 | |
| Cases, n | 588 | 683 | 702 | 739 | 738 | |
| Model 1 | ref | 1.15 (1.03, 1.28) | 1.20 (1.07, 1.33) | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) | 1.32 (1.19, 1.47) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | ref | 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) | 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) | 1.23 (1.10, 1.37) | 1.24 (1.11, 1.39) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | ref | 1.13 (1.02, 1.27) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.31) | 1.24 (1.11, 1.38) | 1.26 (1.13, 1.41) | <0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| Liquid stool | ||||||
| Person-years | 38480 | 38477 | 38566 | 38617 | 38738 | |
| Cases, n | 752 | 803 | 860 | 924 | 1010 | |
| Model 1 | ref | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) | 1.24 (1.13, 1.37) | 1.38 (1.25, 1.52) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | ref | 1.02 (0.93, 1.13) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.19) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) | 1.19 (1.08, 1.31) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | ref | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) | 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) | 1.19 (1.08, 1.31) | <0.0001 |
Notes: Abbreviation: EDIP: Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern; HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval. Model 1: Cox proportional hazards model stratified by age (continuous, month) and time period (in 2-year intervals); Model 2: Model 1+ race (white, non-white), smoking (never, past, current), body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35 kg/m2), physical activity (<3, 3–8, 9–17, 18—26, 27+ metabolic equivalent of task-hours/week), menopausal hormone use (never users, past users, current users), parity (number of live births), hysterectomy (yes or no), hypertension (yes or no), diabetes mellitus (yes or no), neurologic disease (yes or no), and history of cholecystectomy (yes or no); Model 3: Model 2 + dietary fiber intake. P for trend was calculated using the median of each quintile of EDIP score as a continuous variable. All EDIP scores are energy-adjusted.