Table 2.

The effect size of cross-sectional analyses, longitudinal analysis and correlation analyses. A: The effect size of cross-sectional analyses. B: The effect size of longitudinal analysis. C: The effect size of correlation analysis.

	SZ	HC	P	Cohen’s d	[HC-SZ]/HC% change
Local gyrification index
Left supramarginal	3.4482 ± 0.2473	3.3754 ± 0.2737	0.042	0.280	−2.16%
Left superior temporal	3.7671 ± 0.2533	3.5418 ± 0.4191	<0.001	0.650	−6.36%
Right supramarginal	3.3491 ± 0.2320	3.2623 ± 0.2275	0.006	0.379	−2.66%
Right posterior cingulate	2.2038 ± 0.2147	2.1361 ± 0.2178	0.023	0.357	−3.07%
Right paracentral	2.3175 ± 0.1928	2.2499 ± 0.1882	0.01	0.314	−3.00%
Cortical thickness
Left caudal middle frontal	2.1208 ± 0.3169	2.0230 ± 0.2190	0.009	0.360	−4.83%
Left superior parietal	1.8151 ± 0.2016	1.7409 ± 0.1676	0.004	0.398	−4.26%
Right parsopercularis	2.3426 ± 0.2423	2.5015 ± 0.2100	<0.001	0.697	6.35%
Right_middletemporal	2.7138 ± 0.2776	2.7982 ± 0.1962	0.011	0.349	3.02%

Regions of results	Mean (baseline)	Mean (follow up)	P (paired t-test)	Cohen’s d	Baseline-FUP/Baseline %change
Left supramarginal	3.4150 ± 0.2741	3.4114 ± 0.2738	0.049	0.0131	0.104%
Left superior temporal sulcus (posterior)	3.7050 ± 0.2597	3.7046 ± 0.2597	0.037	0.0016	0.011%
Right supramarginal	3.2852 ± 0.2150	3.2865 ± 0.2151	0.047	0.0062	−0.041%

Regions	Related variables	p value	r value
The correlation between the LGI and clinical variables in a patient group at baseline
Left superior frontal	Age	<0.001	−0.366
Right superior frontal	Age	<0.001	−0.335
Left precuneus	DoI	0.042	−0.199
Right precuneus	DoI	0.049	−0.192
Right superior frontal	SANS	<0.001	−0.362
Right superior parietal	N-back	0.009	0.325
The correlation between longitudinal changes in gyrification and treatment response
Left superior parietal	Change in total symptom	0.007	−0.452
Left precuneus	Change in total symptom	0.031	−0.370
Right precentral	Change in total symptom	0.005	−0.473
Left superior temporal	Change of positive symptom	0.023	−0.390
left inferior parietal ROI1	Change of positive symptom	0.017	−0.406
left inferior parietal ROI2	Change of positive symptom	0.044	−0.347
Right superior temporal	Change of positive symptom	0.003	0.487
Left precuneus	Change of negative symptom	0.004	−0.482
left inferior parietal ROI3	Change of negative symptom	<0.001	−0.592
left inferior parietal ROI4	Change of negative symptom	0.005	−0.470
Right precentral	Change of negative symptom	0.012	−0.428

Left inferior parietal ROI1 and left inferior parietal ROI2 correspond to the regions shown in the “positive symptoms” row of Fig. 3B; left inferior parietal ROI3 and left inferior parietal ROI4 correspond to the inferior parietal regions shown in the “negative symptoms” row of Fig. 3B.