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. 2022 Oct 29;13:6463. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34112-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Comparison of IQ among morphological ASD subtypes. b Comparison of IQ between probands with and without a CSV. a, b Violin plots show the distributions of the probands’ IQ; box plots contained within show the median and quartiles of IQ for each subtype, the minima and maxima of box plots indicate 3× the interquartile range-deviated IQ from the median. P values denote the probability that the mean IQ of nondysmorphic ASD or probands without CSVs is not greater than dysmorphic ASD or probands with CSVs, respectively (one-sided, Welch’s t-test). Correlation between IQ and (c) GRVS and (d) PRS is shown. c, d Each dot represents the IQ and GRVS or PRS percentile of a sample. The linear regression line indicates the linear correlation between IQ and GRVS or PRS percentiles. Correlation coefficient is quantified by two-sided Spearman’s rho correlation. P values indicate the probability that the correlation is occurred due to chance. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.