Table 2.
Characteristics | NHANES 2001–18 (Total) |
NHANES 2001–2006 (Era 1) |
NHANES 2007–2012 (Era 2) |
NHANES 2013–2018 (Era 3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weighted number, in millions (95% CI) | 9.87 (9.24–10.50) | 10.75 (9.70–11.80) | 8.97 (7.94–10.01) | 9.90 (8.82–11.08) |
Sex, % female (95% CI) | 44.31 (41.79–46.83) | 43.44 (39.00–47.87) | 48.27 (44.02–52.51) | 41.67 (37.13–46.21) |
Age, years, mean (95% CI) | 53.67 (52.98–54.36) | 51.60 (50.34–52.86) | 53.18 (52.06–54.30) | 56.37 (55.24–57.50) |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (95% CI) | 27.75 (27.40–28.10) | 27.17 (26.66–27.68) | 28.05 (27.32–28.78) | 28.29 (27.68–28.90) |
Ethnicity, % (95% CI) | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 40.30 (37.15–43.44) | 46.24 (41.74–50.74) | 35.29 (29.10–41.48) | 38.38 (32.19–44.56) |
Non-Hispanic black | 25.07 (22.75–27.40) | 25.36 (21.30–29.41) | 25.70 (21.95–29.46) | 24.20 (19.81–28.59) |
Others | 34.62 (31.79–37.44) | 28.39 (23.76–33.02) | 39.00 (33.42–44.57) | 37.41 (32.55–42.27) |
Education, % (95% CI) | ||||
Less than high school | 26.57 (24.40–28.73) | 27.76 (24.88–30.65) | 26.25 (22.38–30.12) | 25.56 (20.98–30.13) |
High school or above | 73.42 (71.26–75.59) | 72.23 (69.34–75.11) | 73.74 (69.87–77.61) | 74.43 (69.86–79.01) |
Income-to-poverty ratio level, % (95% CI) | ||||
0–1.0 | 21.50 (19.26–23.74) | 18.37 (15.37–21.37) | 22.12 (18.66–25.58) | 24.46 (19.23–29.70) |
> 1.0 | 78.49 (76.25–80.73) | 81.62 (78.62–84.62) | 77.87 (74.41–81.33) | 75.53 (70.29–80.76) |
Alcohol drinking, % (95% CI) | ||||
Non-drinker | 28.33 (26.03–30.62) | 30.10 (26.05–34.16) | 29.98 (25.46–34.49) | 25.06 (21.57–28.54) |
Drinker | 71.66 (69.37–73.96) | 69.89 (65.83–73.94) | 70.05 (65.50–74.59) | 74.93 (71.45–78.42) |
Excessive alcohol drinkinga | ||||
Non-drinker | 31.60 (29.13–34.07) | 30.10 (26.05–34.16) | 29.98 (25.43–34.52) | 35.45 (31.45–40.27) |
Low to moderate drinker | 58.67 (56.13–61.21) | 59.40 (54.82–63.97) | 60.23 (56.61–63.85) | 50.56 (50.56–60.79) |
Heavy drinker | 9.71 (8.16–11.26) | 10.49 (8.49–12.48) | 9.78 (6.48–13.09) | 8.45 (5.40–11.51) |
Smoking status, % (95% CI) | ||||
Never smoker | 47.69 (45.25–50.13) | 42.02 (38.20–45.83) | 50.81 (46.14–55.48) | 51.01 (46.58–55.44) |
Former smoker | 25.15 (23.36–26.95) | 24.69 (21.43–27.95) | 24.87 (21.62–28.11) | 25.9 (22.99–28.84) |
Current smoker | 27.14 (24.62–19.66) | 33.28 (29.03–37.52) | 24.31 (19.89–28.73) | 23.06 (18.65–27.46) |
Liver disease, % (95% CI) | 12.05 (10.26–13.84) | 11.28 (8.19–14.36) | 12.11 (8.69–15.53) | 12.84 (9.86–15.81) |
Chronic hepatitis C,b % (95% CI) | 9.56 (7.96–11.17) | 15.51 (12.05–18.97) | 7.92 (5.07–10.78) | 15.51 (12.05–18.97) |
Diabetes, % (95% CI) | 12.22 (10.94–13.49) | 10.78 (8.38–13.17) | 12.52 (10.11–14.93) | 13.51 (11.56–15.45) |
Hypertension, % (95% CI) | 30.86 (28.74–32.97) | 25.76 (22.60–28.93) | 29.55 (25.69–33.41) | 37.57 (33.34–41.80) |
HBsAb-negative, % (95% CI) | 21.48 (19.56–23.41) | 18.52 (15.47–21.57) | 23.34 (20.24–26.45) | 23.02 (19.01–27.03) |
AST, U/L, mean (95% CI) | 28.08 (27.14–29.02) | 28.15 (26.71–29.58) | 30.33 (28.29–32.37) | 25.96 (24.43–27.48) |
ALT, U/L, mean (95% CI) | 27.52 (26.55–28.49) | 28.66 (26.68–30.64) | 28.77 (27.25–30.28) | 25.16 (23.65–26.66) |
Platelets, × 103/μL, mean (95% CI) | 243.90 (240.35–247.44) | 261.45 (255.06–267.84) | 236.84 (230.39–243.30) | 231.22 (225.95–236.50) |
FIB-4 score, mean (95% CI) | 1.37 (1.31–1.43) | 1.23 (1.13–1.34) | 1.47 (1.33–1.61) | 1.43 (1.36–1.50) |
Participants had complete laboratory values for calculating FIB-4 scores (age ≥ 20)
All estimates accounted for complex survey designs and sampling weights of NHANES
aLow to moderate drinker defined as drinking < 1 drink/day in women and < 2 drinks/day in men, and heavy drinker defined as ≥ 1 drink/day in women and ≥ 2 drinks/day in men
bChronic hepatitis C is defined as hepatitis C virus RNA positive