Table 5.
Characteristics of HBsAg-negative and HBcAb-positive participants according to HBsAb status (2001–2018)
| Characteristics | HBsAb (+) | HBsAb (−) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted number, in millions (95% CI) | 7.75 (7.17–8.32) | 2.12 (1.91–2.32) | < 0.0001 |
| Sex, % female (95% CI) | 45.43 (42.32–48.55) | 40.16 (34.94–45.39) | 0.1141 |
| Age, years, mean (95% CI) | 53.12 (52.41–53.82) | 55.68 (54.24–57.12) | 0.009 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (95% CI) | 27.59 (27.20–27.97) | 28.36 (27.68–29.04) | 0.0308 |
| Ethnicity, % (95% CI) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 41.14 (37.81–44.48) | 37.29 (31.73–42.86) | 0.2259 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 24.39 (21.81–26.96) | 27.64 (24.15–31.13) | |
| Others | 34.45 (31.43–37.48) | 35.05 (30.33–39.77) | |
| Smoking status, % (95% CI) | |||
| Never smoker | 49.36 (46.67–52.05) | 41.58 (36.86–46.30) | 0.0145 |
| Former smoker | 24.68 (22.57–26.79) | 26.87 (22.74–31.00) | |
| Current smoker | 25.95 (23.32–28.58) | 31.53 (26.53–36.54) | |
| Alcohol drinking, % non-drinker (95% CI) | 29.44 (26.91–31.97) | 24.25 (20.06–28.45) | 0.0331 |
| Education, % high school or above (95% CI) | 75.15 (72.95–77.36) | 67.19 (62.53–71.84) | 0.0007 |
| Income-to-poverty ratio level, % > 1.0 (95% CI) | 79.23 (76.71–81.75) | 75.85 (71.76–79.93) | 0.1367 |
| Liver disease, % (95% CI) | 10.29 (8.37–12.21) | 18.42 (13.88–22.95) | 0.0003 |
| Diabetes, % (95% CI) | 11.45 (9.98–12.92) | 14.82 (12.11–17.53) | 0.0269 |
| Hypertension, % (95% CI) | 29.18 (26.80–31.55) | 36.98 (32.04–41.92) | 0.0049 |
| AST, U/L, mean (95% CI) | 27.32 (26.28–28.36) | 30.88 (28.76–33.01) | 0.0036 |
| ALT, U/L, mean (95% CI) | 26.56 (25.57–27.55) | 31.06 (28.03–34.09) | 0.0076 |
| Platelets, × 103/μL, mean (95% CI) | 246.41 (242.41–250.42) | 234.55 (227.90–241.25) | 0.0021 |
| FIB-4 score, mean (95% CI) | 1.32 (1.25–1.38) | 1.56 (1.45–1.68) | 0.0002 |
All estimates accounted for complex survey designs and sampling weights of NHANES
aFor categorical variables, P value was calculated by the Rao–Scott χ2 test, which is a design-adjusted version of the Pearson χ2 test. For continuous variables, t tests adjusting for sampling weights were used to calculate P values