Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with E. coli bacteremia
| Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors (n = 236, %) | Non-survivors (n = 11, %) | RR (95%CI) | p-value | ARR (95%CI) | p-value | |||
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age, year ± SD | 72.77 | ± 13.63 | 77.99 | ± 12.80 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.226 | ||
| Male, sex | 118 | (50.0) | 6 | (54.5) | 0.84 (0.26–2.75) | 0.774 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Heart failure | 19 | (8.1) | 3 | (27.3) | 3.84 (1.02–14.46) | 0.047 | 5.49 (1.31–23.02) | 0.020 |
| Hypertension | 147 | (62.3) | 5 | (45.5) | 0.52 (0.16–1.71) | 0.281 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 95 | (40.3) | 6 | (54.5) | 1.74 (0.53–5.68) | 0.363 | ||
| Chronic liver diseases | 40 | (16.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.04 (0.00–39.71) | 0.356 | ||
| Chronic kidney diseases | 32 | (13.7) | 1 | (9.1) | 0.64 (0.08–4.99) | 0.670 | ||
| Peptic ulcer | 29 | (12.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.04 (0.00–115.21) | 0.430 | ||
| Malignancy | 53 | (22.5) | 7 | (63.6) | 5.45 (1.60–18.63) | 0.007 | 7.50 (2.02–27.80) | 0.003 |
| CCI ≥ 3 | 101 | (43.9) | 7 | (63.6) | 2.16 (0.63–7.36) | 0.221 | ||
| Clinical severity | ||||||||
| SOFA score, mean ± SD | 2.41 | ± 2.29 | 4.91 | ± 4.11 | 1.31 (1.11–1.55) | 0.002 | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) | 0.003 |
| Shock | 20 | (8.5) | 1 | (9.1) | 1.08 (0.14–8.41) | 0.944 | ||
| Pitt bacteremia score ≥ 4 | 10 | (4.2) | 1 | (9.1) | 2.15 (0.28–16.76) | 0.467 | ||
| Source of bacteremia | ||||||||
| Primary bacteremia | 57 | (24.2) | 2 | (18.2) | 0.71 (0.15–3.28) | 0.659 | ||
| Intra-abdominal | 36 | (15.3) | 3 | (27.3) | 2.00 (0.53–7.54) | 0.306 | ||
| Urinary tract | 112 | (47.5) | 2 | (18.2) | 0.26 (0.06–1.20) | 0.084 | ||
| Low respiratory tract | 11 | (4.7) | 1 | (9.1) | 1.96 (0.25–15.30) | 0.522 | ||
| CRBSI | 2 | (0.8) | 1 | (9.1) | 8.13 (1.04–63.54) | 0.046 | 4.77 (0.60–37.91) | 0.140 |
| Soft tissue infection | 3 | (1.3) | 1 | (9.1) | 6.08 (0.78–47.46) | 0.085 | ||
| Others | 15 | (6.4) | 1 | (9.1) | 1.44 (0.19–11.28) | 0.726 | ||
| CPZ/SUL therapy | ||||||||
| Daily dosage | ||||||||
| 2 g/2 g | 181 | (76.7) | 8 | (72.7) | 0.82 (0.22–3.09) | 0.767 | ||
| 1 g/1 g | 47 | (19.9) | 3 | (27.3) | 1.48 (0.39–5.57) | 0.564 | ||
| 0.5 g/0.5 g | 8 | (3.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.05 (0– 135,143.9) | 0.688 | ||
| Duration, days ± SD | 7.79 | ± 3.51 | 7.62 | ± 3.09 | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 0.423 | ||
| CPZ/SUL MIC ≥ 64 mg/L | 1 | (0.4) | 1 | (9.1) | 12.25 (1.57–95.69) | 0.017 | 11.31 (1.34–95.52) | 0.026 |
ARR adjusted relative risk, CPZ/SUL cefoperazone/sulbactam, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, CRBSI catheter-related bloodstream infection, RR relative risk, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment