Both ceftazidime/avibactam and polymyxin B were considered as the first-line agents against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Ceftazidime/avibactam is more advantageous than polymyxin B when treating carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae-infected patients in decreasing both 30-day mortality and increasing 30-day microbiological eradication rate.

Tigecycline or amikacin might be two potentially effective combined agents in ceftazidime/avibactam-based therapeutic regimens.

Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae-infected patients might benefit from a longer antimicrobial treatment duration (> 7 days), but the optimal antimicrobial duration should be individualized according to the different sources and severity of infection.

Hepatoxicity of ceftazidime/avibactam and nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B should be emphasized in routine carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae therapies.