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. 2022 Oct 29;17:103. doi: 10.1186/s11671-022-03738-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Zeta potential of ZIF-8, ZIF-8/ICG, MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG, and FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG. b Size distribution of ZIF-8, ZIF-8/ICG, MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG, and FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG. c Fluorescence spectra of ZIF-8, the ICG solution before loading, and the residual ICG in the supernatant after loading. d In vitro profiles of ICG release from FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG nano-platform under conditions of pH 7.4, pH 5.5, H₂O₂, GSH and simulated TME. e Temperature changes of PBS (curve 1), 200 μg/mL ZIF-8/ICG (curve 2), 200 μg/mL FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG (curve 3), and 150 μg/mL FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG (curve 4) irradiated with 808 nm irradiation (2.0 W/cm²) for 10 min, and 200 μg/mL FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG (curve 5) irradiated with 808 nm irradiation (1.5 W/cm²) for 10 min. f Temperature changes of 200 μg/mL FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG disperse solution irradiation with 808 nm irradiation (2.0 W/cm²) for five turn on/off cycles. g Photothermal response of FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG solution and H₂O treated with an NIR irradiation (808 nm, 1.5 W/cm²) for 600 s and then the irradiation was turned off. Viability of GES-1 cells (h) and 4T1cells (i) upon treated with PBS (1), PBS + NIR (2), ZIF-8/ICG + NIR (3), MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG + NIR (4), and FA-EM@MnO₂/ZIF-8/ICG + NIR (5)