COP1 inhibits PCa and CRPC xenograft tumor growth in vivo. (A) Xenografts were created by inoculating 2 × 106 LNCaP-iCOP1 cells versus LNCaP-iCtrl cells in 100 μL of 1:2 mix of Matrigel into the lateral flanks (subcutaneously, -iCtrl on the left and -iCOP1 on the right) of 8- to 10-wk-old male SCID mice. Mice received 0.5 mg/mL Dox in drinking water throughout the study. Tumor sizes were recorded from 2 to 13 wk after injections. Data are from three independent experiments (E1, E2, E3) using 7, 6, and 6 mice. Thirteen of 19 LNCaP-iCtrl injections versus 4 of 19 LNCaP-iCOP1 injections produced tumors. Xenograft studies were similarly performed using (B) LAPC4-iCOP1 versus LAPC4-iCtrl cells in intact mice and (C) 22Rv1-iCOP1 versus 22Rv1-iCtrl cells in castrated (CAS) mice. (B, C) Representative xenograft data from three independent studies. Quantification data as means ± SEM. **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001. (D) Western blots of representative 22Rv1-iCOP1 versus 22Rv1-iCtrl tumors from C. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.