Table 1.
Baseline clinical features and prevalent diseases of the study population
| Characteristics | No history of GDM | History of GDM |
|---|---|---|
| (n = 217,940) | (n = 1,390) | |
| Age (years) | 56.9 ± 7.8 | 52.1 ± 8.1 |
| Caucasian | 205,724 (94.4) | 1,151 (82.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 5.1 | 29.2 ± 6.0 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 51,487 (23.7) | 521 (37.8) |
| Age at first live birth (years) | 25.3 ± 4.6 | 26.5 ± 5.4 |
| Mean duration between first birth and enrollment (years) | 31.9 ± 9.7 | 25.9 ± 10.8 |
| Early menopause < 40 years (years) | 5,498 (2.5) | 46 (3.3) |
| Hysterectomy | 18,460 (8.5) | 91 (6.5) |
| Ever smoking | 88,563 (40.6) | 500 (36.0) |
| Prevalent comorbidity at baseline | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 7,769 (3.6) | 414 (29.8) |
| Hypertension | 55,825 (25.6) | 501 (36.0) |
| Dyslipidemia | 26,249 (12.0) | 301 (21.7) |
| Use of medication | ||
| Aspirin | 22,188 (10.2) | 234 (16.8) |
| Anti-hypertensive agent | 41,595 (19.1) | 387 (27.8) |
| Lipid-lowering agent | 30,777 (14.1) | 395 (28.4) |
Data are presented as proportion (%) or mean ± standard deviation
BMI body mass index, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus