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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2022 Jun 30;58(10):1962–1973. doi: 10.1037/dev0001396

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Functional forms of forward and backward digit span tasks in the PSID-CDS.

Note: Fitted values for forward and backward spans are cubic functions based on observed means; 95% confidence intervals are in gray. Values shown are non-imputed.