Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Study Variables.
| PSID-CDS | ECLS-K 2010–11 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| N | % | M | SD | % Missing | N | % | M | SD | % Missing | ||
|
| |||||||||||
| Child Sex Male, 1997 | 1813 | 50.90 | 0.00 | Child Sex, Male, F2010 | 9288 | 51.22 | 0.21 | ||||
| Child Disability, 1997 | 129 | 3.63 | 0.36 | Child Disability, S2011 | 10473 | 80.32 | 28.25 | ||||
| Unemployed, 1997 | 97 | 5.13 | 46.88 | Unemployed, F2010 | 1034 | 10.27 | 44.59 | ||||
| Unemployed, 2007 | 59 | 3.71 | 56.15 | Child Race, F2010 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Child Race | White | 8488 | 46.81 | ||||||||
| White | 1642 | 46.20 | Black | 2396 | 13.21 | ||||||
| Black | 1455 | 40.94 | Hispanic | 4207 | 23.20 | ||||||
| Hispanic | 267 | 7.51 | Asian | 385 | 2.12 | ||||||
| Asian | 64 | 1.80 | American Indian | 1543 | 8.51 | ||||||
| American Indian | 19 | 0.53 | Hawaiian | 117 | 0.65 | ||||||
| Other | 107 | 3.01 | Multiracial | 168 | 0.93 | ||||||
| Maternal Education | Other | 827 | 4.56 | ||||||||
| Household Income, 1997 | 44,531.31 | 44,328.97 | 0.06 | Guardian Education, F2010 | 4.60 | 1.90 | 11.93 | ||||
| Passage Comprehension, 1997 | 30.56 | 5.50 | 23.10 | Household Income, S2011 | 10.48 | 5.60 | 25.55 | ||||
| Passage Comprehension, 2002 | 24.31 | 7.50 | 28.66 | Child Math Score, F2010 | −1.12 | 0.70 | 14.19 | ||||
| Passage Comprehension, 2007 | 27.13 | 5.04 | 57.72 | Child Reading Score, F2010 | −1.22 | 0.80 | 13.78 | ||||
| Letter-Word, 1997 | 27.41 | 16.43 | 37.76 | Child Age, F2010 | 67.45 | 4.48 | 13.20 | ||||
| Letter-Word, 2002 | 41.22 | 11.03 | 26.08 | Numbers Reversed, F2010 | 433.01 | 30.21 | 14.17 | ||||
| Letter-Word, 2007 | 46.12 | 6.19 | 57.57 | Numbers Reversed, S2011 | 449.68 | 30.52 | 5.65 | ||||
| Applied Problems, 1997 | 24.37 | 11.69 | 38.01 | Numbers Reversed, F2011 | 456.96 | 28.74 | 71.27 | ||||
| Applied Problems, 2002 | 34.89 | 9.27 | 26.31 | Numbers Reversed, S2012 | 469.33 | 25.82 | 16.88 | ||||
| Applied Problems, 2007 | 39.27 | 6.53 | 57.89 | Numbers Reversed, S2013 | 473.24 | 24.33 | 73.99 | ||||
| Child Age at Testing, 1997 | 8.12 | 2.96 | 38.27 | Numbers Reversed, S2014 | 480.68 | 23.28 | 23.89 | ||||
| Child Age at Testing, 2002 | 12.17 | 3.73 | 25.77 | Numbers Reversed, S2015 | 489.80 | 22.21 | 29.15 | ||||
| Child Age at Testing, 2007 | 14.44 | 2.18 | 57.72 | Numbers Reversed, S2016 | 497.24 | 21.70 | 33.50 | ||||
| Forward Digit Span, 1997 | 7.54 | 3.04 | 38.27 | Numbers Reversed, S2017 | 503.31 | 22.36 | 37.11 | ||||
| Forward Digit Span, 2002 | 9.43 | 2.62 | 26.25 | ||||||||
| Forward Digit Span, 2007 | 9.11 | 2.30 | 63.64 | ||||||||
| Backward Digit Span, 1997 | 3.20 | 2.54 | 38.74 | ||||||||
| Backward Digit Span, 2002 | 5.12 | 2.51 | 26.36 | ||||||||
| Backward Digit Span, 2007 | 5.44 | 2.05 | 62.61 | ||||||||
Note: In the ECLS-K:2011, household income was measured in 18 categories, ranging from $5,000 or less to $200,001 or more. In the ECLS-K:2011 math, reading, and digit span scores are standardized. In the PSID-CDS, child age at testing is in years; in the ECLS-K:2011, child age in 2010 is in months. In the ECLS-K:2011, guardian education was measured in categories, ranging from 1 (first grade) to 8 (doctoral). In the ECLS-K:2011, F=fall, S=spring.