TABLE 4.
Comparison of EpiSEP with intensive care unit-studies on epidemiology and causes of infection, sepsis, and septic shock.
| Source (1) | EpiSep study 1 ED, Germany |
EPIC II 1,265 ICUs in 75 countries (667 ICUs in Western Europe, 2007) (18) |
EPIC III 1,150 ICUs in 88 countries (479 ICUs in Western Europe, 2017) (21) |
SPICE-ICU 22 ICUs, Japan (20) |
INSEP-study 434 ICUs, Germany (9) |
MEDUSA 44 ICUs, Germany (22) |
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| Infection (n = 1,103) |
Sepsis (n = 133) |
Septic shock (n = 42) |
Infection (n = 7,087) |
Infection (n = 8,135) |
Sepsis-2 (n = 530) |
Sepsis-3 (n = 569) |
Sepsis (n = 211) |
Septic shock (n = 190) |
Intervention group (n = 2,596) |
Control group (n = 1,587) |
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| Respiratory tract | 362 (34.9) | 58 (43.6) | 26 (61.9) | 4503 (63.5) | 4893 (60.1) | 200 (37.7) | 208 (36.6) | 141 (66.8) | 111 (58.4) | 1078 (41.6) | 688 (43.4) |
| Urogenital tract | 193 (17.5) | 36 (27.1) | 6 (14.3) | 1011 (14.3) | 1138 (14) | 91 (17.2) | 101 (17.8) | 17 (8.1) | 8 (4.2) | 314 (12.1) | 216 (13.6) |
| ENT/OMF | 178 (16.1) | 3 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Intra-abdominal | 146 (13.3) | 16 (12.0) | 4 (9.5) | 1392 (19.6) | 1490 (18.3) | 111 (20.9) | 119 (20.9) | 59 (28.0) | 77 (40.5) | 974 (35.7) | 568 (35.8) |
| Soft tissue | 120 (10.9) | 5 (3.8) | 1 (2.4) | 467 (6.6) | 518 (6.4) | 5 (0.9) | 5 (0.9) | 20 (9.5) | 16 (8.4) | 207 (8.0) | 148 (9.3) |
| Unknown | 55 (5.0) | 11 (8.3) | 4 (9.5) | n.d. | n.d. | 22 (4.2) | 24 (4.2) | n.d. | n.d. | 96 (3.7) | 50 (3.3) |
| Others | 31 (2.8) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 540 (7.6) | 529 (6.5) | 14 (2.6) | 16 (2.8) | n.d. | n.d. | 19 (0.7) | 17 (1.1) |
| Cerebral | 12 (1.1) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (2.4) | 208 (2.9) | 314 (3.9) | 11 (2.1) | 13 (2.3) | n.d. | n.d. | 43 (1.7) | 22 (1.4) |
| Blood stream | 6 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1071 (15.1) | 1239 (15.2) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. n.d. |
ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; ENT, ear/nose/throat; OMF, oral maxillofacial; n.d., no data.