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. 2022 Oct 17;9:922790. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.922790

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Copyright © 2022 He, Li, Feng, Gao, Li, Chu, Li, Wang, Mao, Ji, Hua, Shen, Wang, Zhao and Yao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The protective effect of human-induced pluripotent stem cell- endothelial cell-extracellular vesicle (hiPSC-EC-EV) on TNF-α-damaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (A) Representative light microscopy images of the HUVECs in a tube formation assay. (B) Ki67 immunostaining and (C) TUNEL analysis in the HUVECs treated with or without EV and 3-MA in the presence of TNF-α. (D) Western blotting analysis of the autophagy-related protein expression in the HUVECs with different treatments. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Differences between linked groups were evaluated by a two-tailed Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05 vs. Con; ^#p < 0.05 vs. PBS; ^$p < 0.05 vs. EV.