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. 2022 Oct 17;9:922790. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.922790

FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

Upregulation of autophagy in EC of the carotid artery upon human-induced pluripotent stem cell- endothelial cell-extracellular vesicle (hiPSC-EC-EV) treatment. (A) LC3B staining in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following treatment with or without EV and 3-MA in the presence of TNF-α and quantification of the LC3B-positive signals. (B) Western blotting analysis of the p-mTOR, mTOR, P62, and LC3 proteins in the treated and untreated HUVECs. (C) Densitometric quantification proteins from the Western blotting image pane in panel (B). *p < 0.05 vs. Con; #p < 0.05 vs. NC; $p < 0.05 vs. miR-126. (D,E) Immunofluorescence staining of ECs for LC3B (D) and P62 (E) markers and their quantification (bar charts) in mouse carotid artery sections. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Differences between linked groups were evaluated by a two-tailed Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05 vs. PBS.