TABLE 3.

Factor loadings of SACS items based on exploratory factor analysis (N = 261).

		Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
I. Coercion as offending subscalea
3	Use of coercion can harm the therapeutic relationship	−0.058	0.125	0.706	0.044
4	Use of coercion is a declaration of failure on the part of the mental health services	0.381	−0.316	0.266	0.297
8	Coercion violates the patients integrity	0.007	0.050	0.811	0.013
13	Too much coercion is used in treatment	0.198	−0.228	−0.070	0.609
14	Scarce resources lead to more use of coercion	−0.234	0.041	−0.021	0.816
15	Coercion could have been much reduced, giving more time and personal contact	−0.074	0.334	0.198	0.585
II. Coercion as care and security subscale
1	Use of coercion is necessary as protection in dangerous situations	0.838	0.024	−0.052	−0.002
2	For security reasons coercion must sometimes be used	0.829	0.006	0.062	−0.058
5	Coercion may represent care and protection	0.545	−0.108	0.454	−0.131
7	Coercion may prevent the development of a dangerous situation	0.737	0.147	−0.108	−0.127
9	For severely ill patients coercion may represent safety	0.625	0.260	0.018	−0.043
11	Use of coercion is necessary toward dangerous and aggressive patients	0.439	0.562	−0.260	0.186
III. Coercion as treatment subscale
6	More coercion should be used in treatment	−0.142	0.475	0.410	−0.053
10	Patients without insight require use of coercion	0.074	0.789	0.054	0.002
12	Regressive patients require use of coercion	0.099	0.753	0.135	−0.023

^aScores of the items in subscale I were reversed. The bold values are the summary scores of each subscale.