TABLE 4B.

Associations between the SACS score and duration and frequency of seclusion/restraints administered in a ward using multilevel linear regression analyses (N = 255, 17 wards).

	Model 2-1			Model 2-2			Model 3-1			Model 3-2
	Coef.	SE	p	Coef.	SE	p	Coef.	SE	p	Coef.	SE	p
Intercept	3.19	0.22	<0.001	3.19	0.22	<0.001	3.20	0.22	<0.001	3.21	0.22	<0.001
Individual characteristics
Sex (women)	−0.02	0.05	0.741	−0.02	0.05	0.678	−0.02	0.05	0.697	−0.03	0.05	0.524
Professions (ref. nurse)
Doctor	0.32	0.13	0.016	0.32	0.13	0.017	0.32	0.13	0.015	0.32	0.13	0.016
Occupational therapist	0.20	0.10	0.054	0.21	0.10	0.044	0.20	0.10	0.056	0.21	0.10	0.046
Psychiatric social worker	−0.33	0.12	0.008	−0.34	0.12	0.006	−0.32	0.12	0.009	−0.34	0.12	0.005
Others	−0.01	0.11	0.901	0.00	0.11	0.970	−0.01	0.11	0.917	0.00	0.11	0.996
Years of experience	−0.02	0.05	0.741	0.00	0.00	0.700	0.00	0.00	0.617	0.00	0.00	0.733
Administrative position	0.01	0.10	0.909	0.01	0.10	0.955	0.01	0.10	0.946	−0.01	0.10	0.940
Employment status (full-time)	−0.05	0.21	0.818	−0.03	0.21	0.904	−0.05	0.21	0.798	−0.02	0.21	0.906
Experience of the committee for minimizing confinement	−0.03	0.07	0.621	−0.04	0.07	0.503	−0.03	0.06	0.642	−0.04	0.06	0.527
Ward effects
Ward type (ref. ordinary or recuperation wards)
Acute wards	−0.19	0.07	0.009	−0.18	0.07	0.006	−0.17	0.07	0.018	−0.07	0.08	0.333
Dementia wards	−0.01	0.12	0.909	−0.02	0.11	0.860	−0.02	0.11	0.871	−0.01	0.10	0.898
Number of seclusion rooms	0.01	0.02	0.572	0.01	0.01	0.663	0.02	0.02	0.299	0.00	0.01	0.744
Total time of seclusion per patients	0.00	0.00	0.849
Total time of restraint per patients				0.00	0.00	0.187
Total number of seclusion per patients							−0.41	0.48	0.391
Total number of restraint per patients										−1.17	0.43	0.007

Coef., coefficient; SE, standard error; ref., reference; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.