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. 2022 Oct 17;10:1022506. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1022506

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Copyright © 2022 Cronin, Watson, Khor, Gierczycka and Malcolm.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Torque-rotation response for whole bone axial torsion test (experimental response from Martens et al., (1980) (A); and predicted spiral fracture via eroded elements (B), fracture initiation location indicated by orange arrow.