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. 2022 Oct 17;12:1023219. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1023219

Table 2.

Performance of RDTs in detecting P. knowlesi clinical infections (prior to antimalarial treatment).

Rapid Diagnostic Test Target antigen Parasitaemia range (parasites/µL) Sensitivity, n/N% (95% CI) Specificity, n/N% (95% CI) Area under ROC (95% CI) PPV* % (95% CI) NPV* % (95% CI)
Pan-pLDH tests
First Response Pan-pLDH 18 – 23,121 47/54
87.0
(75.1 – 94.6)		 19/19
100
(82.4 – 100)		 0.94
(0.89 – 0.98)		 100
(47.6 – 100)		 95.0
(90.5 – 97.4)
CareStart PAN Pan-pLDH 18 – 23,121 47/54
87.0
(75.1 – 94.6)		 19/19
100
(82.4 – 100)		 0.94
(0.89 – 0.98)		 100
(47.6 – 100)		 95.0
(90.5 – 97.4)
Standard Q Pan-pLDH 18 – 41,883 73/86
84.9
(75.5 – 91.7)		 21/21
100
(83.9 – 100)		 0.92
(0.89 – 0.96)		 100
(49.3 – 100)		 94.2
(90.8 – 96.4)
CareStart combo Pan-pLDH 18 – 23,121 44/53
83.0
(70.2 – 91.9)		 19/19
100
(82.4 – 100)		 0.92
(0.86 – 0.97)		 100
(46.4 – 100)		 93.5
(88.9 – 96.3)
Parascreen Pan-pLDH 18 – 23,121 40/53
75.5
(61.7 – 86.2)		 19/19
100
(82.4 – 100)		 0.88
(0.82 – 0.94)		 100
(36.1 – 100)		 90.9
(86.2 – 94.1)
CareUS Pan-pLDH 18 – 41,883 52/80
65.0
(53.5 – 75.3)		 21/21
100
(83.9 – 100)		 0.83
(0.77 – 0.88)		 100
(42.7 – 100)		 87.5
(83.9 – 90.5)
SD Bioline Pan-pLDH 18 – 41,883 44/87
50.6
(39.6 – 61.5)		 22/22
100
(84.6 – 100)		 0.75
(0.70 – 0.81)		 100
(30.3 – 100)		 83.3
(80.1 – 86.0)
Pv-pLDH tests
Biocredit™ Pv-pLDH 18 – 41,883 81/88
92.0
(84.3 – 96.7)		 20/20
100
(83.2 – 100)		 0.96
(0.93 – 0.99)		 100
(50.3 – 100)		 96.9
(93.8 – 98.4)
FalciVax† Pv-pLDH 18 – 30,906 78/90
86.7
(77.9 – 92.9)		 18/18
100
(81.5 – 100)		 0.93
(0.90 – 0.97)		 100
(46.3 – 100)		 94.9
(91.6 – 96.9)
Pf-pLDH tests
Biocredit™ Pf-pLDH 18 – 41,883 0/88
0
(0 – 4.1)		 20/20
100
(83.2 – 100)		 0.5
(0.5 – 0.5)		 0
(0 – 82.4)		 71.1
(69.3 – 72.1)

ROC (receiver operating characteristic); PPV (positive predictive value); NPV (negative predictive value).

*Estimated prevalence of P. knowlesi malaria at 28.9%.

†One false positive Pf-HRP2 for FalciVax.