TABLE 3.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation.

Target	Classification	Drug	Mechanism	Therapeutic effects	Status	References
Neuroinflammation	Microglia modulator	Thymoquinone	TLR4 inhibitor	Removes Aβ plaques and restores neuron viability	Preclinical research	Elibol et al., 2020
		TAK-242	Specific TLR4 signaling inhibition	Promotes a microglial switch from the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype	Preclinical research	Cui et al., 2020
		GW2580	CSF1R inhibitor	Improves performance in memory and behavioral tasks and a prevention of synaptic degeneration	Preclinical research	Olmos-Alonso et al., 2016
		PLX3397	CSF1R inhibitor	Dramatic reduction of both intraneuronal amyloid as well as neuritic plaque deposition	Preclinical research	Sosna et al., 2018
	Astrocyte modulator	Stattic	STAT3 inhibitor	Rescues the activation of astrocytes in 5×FAD mice as well as impairments in learning and memory	Preclinical research	Choi et al., 2020
		MW181	p38 MAPK inhibitor	Reduces tau phosphorylation and Sarkosyl-insoluble tau aggregates	Preclinical research	Maphis et al., 2016
		MRS2179	P2Y1R inhibitor	Protects from the decline of spatial learning and memory	Preclinical research	Reichenbach et al., 2018