Table 1. Summary of the preclinical trial.

Variables	Robot-assisted group	Traditional manual group	P-value
Data are presented as means ± SD.
Contrast volume, mL	24.80 ± 5.88	31.20 ± 6.43	0.172
Cumulative exposure time, min	6.60 ± 2.58	45.00 ± 10.56	0.009
Air kerma dose, mGy	4.40 ± 1.36	7.20 ± 1.72	0.034
Percutaneous coronary intervention procedure time, min	6.60 ± 1.74	3.00 ± 0.00	0.005