| Clinical characteristics |
|
|
|
|
| Age, yrs |
78 (73–82)*
|
86 (86–88)*
|
77 (71–81)*
|
< 0.001 |
| Male |
218 (64.1%) |
34 (62.9%) |
184 (64.3%) |
0.82 |
| Primary mitral regurgitation |
98 (28.8%) |
24 (44.4%) |
74 (25.8%) |
0.006 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy |
180 (52.9%) |
21 (38.9%) |
159 (55.6%) |
0.012 |
| Previous coronary artery bypass graft |
82 (24.1%) |
6 (11.1%) |
76 (26.6%) |
0.03 |
| Previous percutaneous coronary intervention |
166 (48.8%) |
27 (50%) |
139 (48.6%) |
0.96 |
| Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy |
68 (20%) |
9 (16.7%) |
59 (20.6%) |
0.43 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
106 (31.2%) |
10 (18.5%) |
96 (33.5%) |
0.019 |
| Arterial hypertension |
266 (78.2%) |
42 (77.8%) |
224 (78.3%) |
0.56 |
| Atrial fibrillation |
239 (70.2%) |
43 (79.6%) |
196 (68.5%) |
0.20 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min |
225 (66.1%) |
45 (83.3%) |
180 (62.9%) |
0.01 |
| Dialysis |
18 (5.3%) |
2 (3.7%) |
16 (5.6%) |
0.53 |
| Peripheral artery disease |
85 (25%) |
20 (37%) |
65 (22.7%) |
0.10 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
131 (38.5%) |
18 (33.3%) |
113 (39.5%) |
0.26 |
| NYHA class |
|
|
|
0.14 |
| I |
– |
– |
– |
|
| II |
40 (11.7%) |
6 (11.1%) |
34 (11.9%) |
|
| III |
193 (56.7%) |
33 (61.1%) |
160 (55.9%) |
|
| IV |
107 (31.4%) |
15 (27.8%) |
92 (32.2%) |
|
| Imaging characteristics |
|
|
|
|
| Left ventricle ejection fraction, % |
38 (28–53)*
|
49 (35–55)*
|
37 (27–50)*
|
0.001 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, mm |
57 (51–64)*
|
53 (46–59)*
|
58 (51–65)*
|
< 0.001 |
| Left ventricular end systolic diameter, mm |
46 (37–56)*
|
42 (33–50)*
|
47 (38–57)*
|
0.017 |
| Effective regurgitant orifice area, mm² |
31 (24–41)*
|
30 (23–40)*
|
31 (24–41)*
|
0.65 |
| Regurgitant volume, mL |
51 (38–63)*
|
59 (41–77)*
|
51 (37–62)*
|
0.05 |
| Left atrium area, cm² |
28 (23–34)*
|
30 (23–35)*
|
28 (23–34)*
|
0.61 |
| Right atrium area, cm² |
23 (18–27)*
|
23 (19–29)*
|
23 (17–27)*
|
0.28 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation |
|
|
|
0.31 |
| Mild |
139 (40.8%) |
18 (33.4%) |
121 (42.4%) |
|
| Moderate |
162 (47.6%) |
22 (40.7%) |
140 (48.9%) |
|
| Severe |
39 (11.6%) |
14 (25.9%) |
25 (8.7%) |
|
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure |
42 (34–55)*
|
46 (37–60)*
|
42 (34–53)*
|
0.10 |
