Table 1.
Maximum recommended levels of insect meal for inclusion in aquafeed based on different insect biomass processing methods.
| Fish species | Initial weight, g | Insect meal | Processing method | Recommended (Fish meal replacement) | Administration period | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red seabream (Pargus major) | 24.9 ± 0.71 | Yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor, TM) | Ground and defatted | 650 g/kg (100%) | 4 wk | Ido et al. (2019) |
| Seabass (Dicentrarchuss labrax) | 10.7 | Black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae | Larvae fed on a broiler diet | 109 g/kg (30%) | 49 d | Reyes et al. (2020) |
| 24.2 ± 7.59 | Defatted BSF | Defatted using mechanical method | 185 g/kg (25%) | 118 d | Caimi et al. (2020b) | |
| 53.39 ± 3.74 | Full-fat TM larvae | Air-dried and ground | 200 g/kg (40%) | 71 d | Józefiak et al. (2019a) | |
| 201.8 ± 13.9 | Full-fat BSF | Larvae dried and ground | 300 g/kg (30%) | 5 wk | Huyben et al. (2019) | |
| 137 ± 10.5 | Full-fat BSF prepupae meal | Frozen and ground | 210 g/kg (50%) | 98 d | Cardinaletti et al. (2019) | |
| Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) | 3.11 ± 0.01 | TM | Dried and ground | 160 g/kg (19%) | 8 wk | Khosravi et al. (2018) |
| Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) | 1.55 ± 0.5 | Defatted TM larvae | Freeze dried, ground, and dried | 205 g/kg (100%) | 8 wk | Motte et al. (2019) |
| White shrimp (L. vannamei) | 2.39 ± 0.49 | Partially defatted or full defatted TM larvae | Oven dried and milled | 100 g/kg (50%) | 8 wk | Choi et al. (2018) |
| Sea trout (Salmo trutta) | 5.08 ± 0.9 | TM larvae | Hydrolyzed | 100 g/kg (42%) | 8 wk | Mikołajczak et al. (2020) |
| Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | 14.77 ± 2.09 | BSF larvae | Dried in hot air and ground | 100 g/kg (100%) | 12 wk | Tippayadara et al. (2021) |
| 0.66 | Maggot meal (Musca domestica, MD) | Killed in hot water, oven-dried, and ground | 200 g/kg (100%) | 90 d | Gbai et al. (2018) | |
| 68.85 ± 0.24 | MD larvae meal | Oven dried and milled | 330 g/kg (75%) | 10 wk | Wang et al. (2017) | |
| 8.65 | MD larvae meal | Killed in hot water, oven-dried, and ground | 250 g/kg (66.7%) | 12 wk | Alofa and Abou (2020) | |
| Mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) juveniles | 20.8 ± 0.05 | TM larvae | Freeze-dried and ground | 300 g/kg (30%) | 12 wk | Sankian et al. (2018) |
| Butter catfish (Ompok pabda) | 0.6 | Earthworm meal (Perionyx excavates) | Boiled, oven-dried, and ground | 260.4 g/kg (75%) | 8 wk | Chakraborty et al. (2021) |
| Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) | 12.52 ± 0.52 | Defatted superworm larvae (Zophobas morio) | Ground, defatted, oven-dried, and reground | 120 g/kg (44%) | 12 wk | Prachom et al. (2021) |
| Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) | 40 ± 2.5 | Mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) | Gutted, cooked in brine & sundried | 24 g/kg (60%) | 51 d | Rapatsa and Moyo (2017) |
| African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) | 4.00 ± 0.8 | Field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal | Oven-dried and ground | 300 g/kg (100%) | 56 d | Taufek et al. (2018) |
| Red seabream (P. major) | 10.4 | Defatted MD larvae meal | Boiled, air-dried and milled | 700 g/kg (100%) | 4 wk | Hashizume et al. (2019) |
| 12.8 | Defatted MD larvae meal | Boiled, air-dried and milled | 400 g/kg (100%) | 4 wk | Hashizume et al. (2019) |