. 2022 Aug 2;11:369–380. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.006

Table 9.

Effects of dietary Ile on ULK1, Becn1, Atg9a, Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7, LC3B, and SQSTM1 mRNA expressions in muscle of hybrid catfish fed graded levels of Ile diets for 8 weeks¹.

Item	Dietary Ile levels (g/kg)							Pr > F²
Item	5.0	7.5	10.0	12.5	15.0	17.5	20.0	ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
ULK1	1.15 ± 0.22^b	0.81 ± 0.13^a	0.73 ± 0.04^a	0.71 ± 0.07^a	0.74 ± 0.14^a	0.72 ± 0.03^a	0.62 ± 0.06^a	0.04	0.01	0.14
Becn1	1.20 ± 0.24^b	0.80 ± 0.10^a	0.89 ± 0.04^a	0.84 ± 0.06^a	0.77 ± 0.08^a	0.76 ± 0.03^a	1.05 ± 0.10^ab	0.03	0.28	0.01
Atg9a	1.17 ± 0.23^d	0.65 ± 0.27^bc	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.10^ab	0.52 ± 0.05^abc	0.40 ± 0.04^ab	0.75 ± 0.04^c	0.00	0.07	0.00
Atg4b	1.00 ± 0.01^e	0.62 ± 0.08^d	0.38 ± 0.07^ab	0.31 ± 0.07^a	0.45 ± 0.11^bc	0.50 ± 0.12^c	0.69 ± 0.19^d	0.00	0.00	0.00
Atg5	1.25 ± 0.29^c	0.53 ± 0.09^a	0.58 ± 0.06^ab	0.99 ± 0.15^bc	0.89 ± 0.13^abc	0.88 ± 0.02^abc	0.92 ± 0.07^abc	0.01	0.97	0.06
Atg7	1.09 ± 0.17^b	0.48 ± 0.10^a	0.58 ± 0.06^a	0.60 ± 0.08^a	0.47 ± 0.09^a	0.39 ± 0.02^a	0.54 ± 0.04^a	0.00	0.00	0.00
LC3B	1.01 ± 0.04^d	0.65 ± 0.04^c	0.52 ± 0.03^b	0.33 ± 0.01^a	0.48 ± 0.01^b	0.49 ± 0.02^b	0.69 ± 0.01^c	0.00	0.00	0.00
SQSTM1	1.00 ± 0.04^a	1.13 ± 0.11^ab	1.27 ± 0.06^bc	1.49 ± 0.08^cd	1.54 ± 0.07^d	1.27 ± 0.09^bc	1.16 ± 0.08^ab	0.00	0.02	0.00

ULK1 = uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1; Becn1 = beclin 1; Atg9a = autophagy-related protein 9α; Atg4b = autophagy-related protein 4 b; Atg5 = autophagy-related protein 5; Atg7 = autophagy-related protein 7; LC3B = autophagy marker light chain 3 B; SQSTM1 = sequestosome 1.

The relative mRNA expression levels were calculated using the arithmetic formula 2^−ΔΔCT. The β-actin and 18 S rRNA were used as housekeeping genes. Values are means ± SEM (n = 18). Values within the same rows having different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Significance probability associated with the F-statistic.