Figure 2.

Supplementation of live Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-1) reduces OA-mediated pain and inflammation. (A) Pain withdrawal latency and weight on the right hind limb were measured for 25 days in the WT, vehicle, LA-1, and celecoxib groups. (B) IHC of TRPV1 and CGRP in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats treated with LA-1 for 3 weeks. (C) After 3 weeks of MIA injection, OA-induced knee joints were sectioned and subjected to Safranin O staining. The OARSI score and total Mankin score were calculated (magnification ×200). (D) Analysis of positive cell expression in the synovial membrane of the same tissue for inflammatory factors (IL-1β, iNOS, MCP-1, TNF-α) and catabolic factors (MMP13), accompanying the occurrence of arthritis, was performed by IHC (magnification ×400). Data are means ± SD (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001), ns, not significant.