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. 2022 Oct 26;22:491–517. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.016

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Hybrid cell membrane nanovaccines based on DCs and tumor cells for cancer immunotherapy. (A) Schematic of fused cells membrane-coated PCN-224 (PCN@FM) for combined tumor therapy and (B) evaluation of homotypic targeting, immune activation, and PDT efficacy in vitro [33]. Copyright © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (C) Schematic of fused cells membrane-coated PCN-224 nanoparticles (NP@FM) for tumor prevention and the mechanisms by which NP@FM induces immune responses. (D) The effect of fused cells membrane-coated PCN-224 MOF (MOF@FM) as a preventive vaccine against tumor suppression [201]. Copyright © 2019, Liu et al.