Fig. 4.

2-Ketoisovalerate and other metabolites production (A) Graph showing KIV production in shake flasks at 30 °C and 37 °C before and after downregulation of ilvE gene. (B) Glucose consumption pattern of different strains at different temperatures in shake flasks. (C) Comparative metabolite profile of different metabolites in the culture supernatant of control and modified E. coli strains at two different temperatures (37 °C and 30 °C) as detected by HPLC. (D) KIV and acetate production pattern in glucose fed batch reactor at different growth stages of MG03. Values are means of three replications. Bar values (mean ± S.D) sharing same alphabet(s) do not differ significantly by LSD at P ≤ 0.05.