Fig. 5.

NADH production in E. coli. (A) under slow growth rate and glucose limited condition sufficient electron transport chain exists to keep the NADH concentration low. (B) Under high growth rate electron transport chain surface limitation unable to metabolize all the NADH created, leading to NADH imbalance and excretion to outside the cell (Szenk et al., 2017) (C) NADH concentration in outer culture media in control and modified strains. (D) Standard curve showing NADH concentration with respect to fluorescence units. Values are means of three replicates. Error bars represents the standard deviation.