Table 1.

The different experimental conditions used during the worship sessions.

Code	Condition	Meaning
Rs	Religious subjective	A song that the participants brought to the experiment and which they selected themselves. It has to be a religious worship song, which they like and has a proven track-record to be leading the person into a worship atmosphere where he or she often has an experience where the presence of God is felt.
Rg	Religious given	A song that was pre-selected, meaning that the researchers administered this tune to all the participants (it is the same for all persons). It is similar to the Rs condition, although the subjects do not know beforehand what song is being played. It is a song that is well-known in the community and that—according to a previous survey among worship experts—has proven to work well for leading people from this denominational background into a genuine worship experience (Walter, 2021).
Ss	Secular subjective	A song that the participants themselves selected and brought to the experiment. It had to be similar in style to the Rs condition, but it had to be a secular song, meaning that it should not be a worship song with religious content.
Sg	Secular given	A secular song that was pre-selected by the researchers. It was chosen due to its stylistic similarity to the Rg condition. This is the same song for all participants.
Empty	No song played	This is a 4.5-min situation where no song is being played, although the participants are asked to treat it like any of the other conditions, namely they are required to worship God without the presence of music and rank how strongly they feel the presence of the divine.
12-tone	Opera tune	A 12-tone song in an opera-style tune that is exhibiting dissonant valences. The song is the same for all participants and deliberately selected as to throw the listeners off guard and to make it more difficult to be calm and focus on God or something specific. We selected a 12-tone song so as to test against any musical harmony effect.