Table 3.
Association Between PIR and Obesity Across Racial/Ethnical Groups in U.S. Adults’ Men 20 Years and Older, 1999 to 2016.
| NH White N = 8,825 |
NH Black N = 3,721 |
Mexican American N = 3,232 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | PR/CI | PR/CI | PR/CI |
| The ratio of family income to poverty (%) (Ref. Low PIR<1.16) | |||
| Medium PIR (PIR: 1.17–2.81) | 1.13* [1.01–1.25] | 1.16* [1.01–1.33] | 1.10 [0.96–1.26] |
| High PIR (PIR: 2.82–5.00) | 1.16** [1.04–1.30] | 1.27*** [1.11–1.45] | 1.01 [0.83–1.25] |
| Sociodemographic variables | |||
| Age categories (Ref. 20−24) | |||
| 25–44 | 1.36*** [1.14–1.63] | 1.21 [0.99–1.48] | 1.31* [1.07–1.61] |
| 45–64 | 1.41*** [1.18–1.69] | 1.12 [0.91–1.39] | 1.28* [1.05–1.58] |
| 65+ | 1.08 [0.88–1.34] | 0.95 [0.74–1.22] | 1.01 [0.76–1.34] |
| Married | 1.02 [0.93–1.13] | 1.29*** [1.14–1.47] | 1.23** [1.07–1.41] |
| Education (Ref. Less than high school) | |||
| High school graduate/GED | 1.14* [1.00–1.29] | 1.26*** [1.13–1.41] | 1.30*** [1.14–1.49] |
| More than high school | 1.09 [0.97–1.24] | 1.18* [1.02–1.36] | 1.26** [1.08–1.45] |
| Health system and behaviors | |||
| Covered by any kind of health insurance | 1.17* [1.04–1.32] | 1.06 [0.94–1.20] | 1.27*** [1.11–1.46] |
| Smoking status (Ref. Never smoked) | |||
| Former smoker | 1.12** [1.03–1.22] | 1.00 [0.89–1.12] | 1.04 [0.92–1.19] |
| Current smoker | 0.74*** [0.67–0.83] | 0.72*** [0.64–0.83] | 0.94 [0.82–1.07] |
| Drinking status (Ref. Never drink) | |||
| Former drinker | 1.29*** [1.12–1.50] | 1.12 [0.92–1.36] | 0.81 [0.61–1.06] |
| Current drinker | 0.98 [0.86–1.12] | 1.07 [0.92–1.26] | 0.89 [0.72–1.09] |
| Physical activities | |||
| No rigorous activities | 1.32*** [1.23–1.42] | 0.98 [0.89–1.09] | 1.20*** [1.09–1.32] |
| Self-reported health: Fair-poor (=1, if fair-poor) | 1.20*** [1.09–1.33] | 1.30*** [1.16–1.46] | 1.26*** [1.12–1.41] |
| Comorbidity | 1.12*** [1.10–1.15] | 1.13*** [1.09–1.16] | 1.08*** [1.04–1.13] |
| HH structure | |||
| Live alone (=1, if alone) | 1.08 [0.93–1.25] | 1.20* [1.02–1.42] | 1.10 [0.83–1.46] |
| Household’s size | 1.06*** [1.03–1.09] | 1.03 [0.99–1.06] | 1.01 [0.97–1.05] |
Note. We have defined a quartile based on the GC calculated from the ratio of family income to poverty. PR = prevalence ratio; CI = 95% confidence intervals.
*
p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.