表 1.

贝叶斯方法和频率论方法的比较

Bayesian versus frequentist paradigms

Item	Frequentist	Bayesian
Statistical parameter	Fixed and unknown	Random variable with probability distributions
Parameter estimation	Totally based on data observed	Combined prior with data observed
Statistical inference	Deductive, calculating the probability of observing a more extreme statistic given the null hypothesis	Inductive, yielding the posterior distribution based on prior and data observed
Probability definition	Probability is defined as a result when a particular design is repeated and infinitum	Probability is defined in relation to one’s pre-existing belief