Figure 3.

The enhancing effect of Mn treatment on the activity of the STING-TBK1-IRF signaling pathway

Macrophages were transfected with DNA with or without Mn²⁺ pretreatment.

(A) The cell lysate was collected at the indicated time points after DNA transfection, and Western blotting was performed using anti-p-STING, anti-STING, anti-p-TBK1, anti-TBK1 antibodies, and anti-β-actin antibody was used to probe β-actin as a loading control for all the samples. The untreated sample was collected at 48 h after cell seeding. One representative experiment of at least three independent experiments is shown.

(B) The nuclear fraction of the cell lysate was prepared at the indicated time points after DNA transfection, and Western blotting was performed using anti-IRF3, anti-IRF1, anti-IRF7, and anti-Lamin A + C antibody was probed as a loading control for all nuclear fractions. The untreated sample was collected at 48 h after cell seeding. One representative experiment of at least three independent experiments is shown.