Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Parameter | Unvaccinated | 2 Doses | ≥3 Doses | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 16 | 27 | 60 | |
| Age, y | 55 (43.5–66) | 57 (39–65) | 58 (45.8–69.3) | .344 |
| Female sex | 8 (50.0) | 11 (40.7) | 30 (50.0) | .811 |
| Ethnicity and race | ||||
| Hispanic | 4 (25.0) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (6.7) | .016 |
| Black | 3 (18.75) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (6.7) | .021 |
| White | 8 (50.0) | 17 (63.0) | 46 (76.7) | .042 |
| Other | 1 (6.25) | 0 (0) | 6 (10.0) | .430 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.7 (22.9–33.3) | 27.1 (23.7–33.8) | 29.0 (25.0–32.4) | .919 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 10 (62.5) | 16 (59.3) | 38 (63.3) | .965 |
| Current or former | 6 (37.5) | 11 (40.7) | 22 (36.7) | |
| Comorbiditiesa | ||||
| Hypertension | 16 (100) | 25 (92.6) | 48 (80.0) | .034 |
| Diabetes | 4 (25.0) | 11 (40.7) | 18 (30.0) | .866 |
| Cardiac | 2 (12.5) | 4 (14.8) | 7 (11.7) | .676 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (68.8) | 16 (59.3) | 27 (45.0) | .046 |
| Pulmonary | 2 (12.5) | 4 (14.8) | 6 (10.0) | .573 |
| Time since transplant, mo | 57 (34–111) | 61 (15–138) | 67 (32.3–130) | .754 |
| Transplanted organa | ||||
| Kidney | 16 (100) | 24 (88.9) | 56 (93.3) | .430 |
| Heart | 2 (12.5) | 3 (11.1) | 3 (5.0) | .152 |
| Pancreas | 1 (6.25) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (3.3) | .410 |
| Lung | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | .922 |
| Liver | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | .922 |
| >1 | 3 (18.8) | 1 (3.7) | 3 (5.0) | .068 |
| Maintenance immunosuppressive drug regimen | ||||
| 3-drug regimen | 12 (75.0) | 21 (77.8) | 42 (70.0) | .453 |
| 2-drug regimen | 4 (25.0) | 6 (22.2) | 18 (30.0) | .649 |
| Calcineurin/mTOR inhibitor or costimulatory blocker | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 12 (75.0) | 21 (77.8) | 51 (85.0) | .374 |
| Sirolimus | 1 (6.25) | 2 (7.4) | 8 (13.3) | .443 |
| Tacrolimus & sirolimus | 1 (6.25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | .010 |
| Cyclosporine | 1 (6.25) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (1.7) | .107 |
| Belatacept | 1 (6.25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | .010 |
| None | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | .214 |
| Antimetabolite | ||||
| Azathioprine | 2 (12.5) | 3 (11.1) | 8 (13.3) | .983 |
| Mycophenolic acid (Myfortic) | 10 (62.5) | 14 (51.9) | 29 (48.3) | .277 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept) | 1 (6.25) | 4 (14.8) | 10 (16.7) | .435 |
| None | 3 (18.75) | 6 (22.2) | 13 (21.7) | .974 |
| Held or decreasedb | 10 (76.9) | 17 (80.95) | 30 (63.8) | .200 |
| Prednisone | 15 (93.8) | 27 (100) | 53 (88.3) | .130 |
| Vaccine type | ||||
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) | NA | 20 (74.1) | 37 (61.7) | .379 |
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna) | NA | 7 (25.9) | 23 (38.3) | |
| Mixed (Pfizer-BioNTech/Moderna) | NA | 0 | 1 (1.7) | |
| Antiviral medications | ||||
| mAb | 5 (31.3) | 19 (70.4) | 34 (56.7) | .323 |
| Remdesivir (all, hospitalized only) | 8 (50.0, 88.8) | 5 (18.5, 50) | 10 (16.7, 62.5) | .008, .185 |
| Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 3 (5.0) | .590 |
| COVID-19 baseline characteristics | ||||
| Year 2021 | 3 (18.8) | 6 (22.2) | 14 (23.3) | .831 |
| Reinfection | 2 (12.5) | 2 (7.4) | 4 (6.7) | .346 |
| Days of symptoms | 4 (1–8.5) | 2.5 (1–8.5) | 3 (1–5) | .488 |
Data are presented as No. (%) for categorical variables and median (IQR) for continuous variables. All patients were coded as either female or male sex in the hospital EMR; none were listed as intersex. Ethnicity and race data were taken from the hospital EMR and may not reflect patient self-identification. Bolded P-values are those ≤ .05 (considered statistically significant).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; EMR, electronic medical record; IQR, interquartile range; mAb, antispike monoclonal antibody; OTRs, organ transplant recipients.
a
Total will be greater than the total number of patients due to row overlap.
b
Percentage of OTRs who were receiving an antimetabolite at baseline.