Table 2.

Effects of alcohol drinking groups, sex (heavy drinkers), and time on smell, and taste ability, adjusted for age and smoking status

	Smell			Taste
	Sample size	Group effect	Time effect	Sample size	Group effect	Time effect
Non-drinkers vs. moderate drinkers Non-drinkers vs. heavy drinkers	837 604	F 1,289 = 2.7; P = 0.11 F1,217 = 5.1; P = 0.03	F 3,246 = 6.6; P < 0.001 F3,156 = 8.5; P < 0.001	836 603	F 1,291 = 2.3; P = 0.13 F1,200 = 3.5; P = 0.06	F 3,294 = 9.3; P < 0.001 F3,169 = 11.9; P < 0.001
Male vs. female heavy drinkers	316	F 1,112 = 4.3; P = 0.04	F 3,80 = 3.5; P = 0.02	315	F 1,101 = 1.9; P = 0.16	F 3,86 = 6.1; P < 0.001

Note: 114/114 participants at enrollment responded to smell/taste questions, 67/67 at week04, 58/58 at week08 and 63/64 at week12 in the non-drinking group; 200/200 at enrollment, 143/146 at week04, 115/115 at week08 and 112/113 at week12 in moderate drinking group, while 122/123 at enrollment, 71/71 at week04, 64/65 at week08 and 62/63 at week12 in heavy drinking group.